31-2A-39
Section 31-2A-39 (Article 39.) Sessions. (a) At any time after the service of charges which
have been referred for trial to a court-martial composed of a military judge and members,
the military judge, subject to Section 31-2A-35 (Article 35), may call the court into session
without the presence of the members for the purpose of: (1) Hearing and determining motions
raising defenses or objections which are capable of determination without trial of the issues
raised by a plea of not guilty. (2) Hearing and ruling upon any matter which may be ruled
upon by the military judge under this code, whether or not the matter is appropriate for later
consideration or decision by the members of the court. (3) Holding the arraignment and receiving
the pleas of the accused. (4) Performing any other procedural function which does not require
the presence of the members of the court under this code. These proceedings shall be conducted
in the presence of the accused, the defense counsel, and the trial...
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31-2A-51
Section 31-2A-51 (Article 51.) Voting and rulings. (a) Voting by members of a general or special
court-martial on the findings and on the sentence shall be by secret written ballot. The junior
member of the court shall count the votes. The count shall be checked by the president, who
shall forthwith announce the result of the ballot to the members of the court. (b) The military
judge shall rule upon all questions of law and all interlocutory questions arising during
the proceedings. Any such ruling made by the military judge upon any question of law or any
interlocutory question other than the factual issue of mental responsibility of the accused
is final and constitutes the ruling of the court. However, the military judge may change the
ruling at any time during the trial. Unless the ruling is final, if any member objects thereto,
the court shall be cleared and closed and the question decided by a voice vote as provided
in Section 31-2A-52 (Article 52), beginning with the junior in...
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31-2A-26
Section 31-2A-26 (Article 26.) Military judge of a general or special court-martial. (a) A
military judge shall be detailed to each general and special court-martial. The military judge
shall preside over each open session of the court-martial to which the military judge has
been detailed. (b) A military judge shall be all of the following: (1) An active or retired
commissioned officer. (2) A member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a state
or a member of the bar of a federal court for at least five years. (3) Either a certified
military judge or a judge of a court of competent jurisdiction who is approved by the Adjutant
General. (c) In the instance when a military judge is not a member of the bar of the highest
court of the state, the military judge shall be deemed admitted pro hac vice, subject to filing
a certificate with the state judge advocate setting forth such qualifications provided in
subsection (b) and with notice and approval of the State Bar and Chief...
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31-2A-29
Section 31-2A-29 (Article 29.) Absent and additional members. (a) No member of a general or
special court-martial may be absent or excused after the court has been assembled for the
trial of the accused unless excused as a result of a challenge, excused by the military judge
for physical disability or other good cause, or excused by order of the convening authority
for good cause. (b) Whenever a general court-martial, other than a general court-martial composed
of a military judge only, is reduced below five members, the trial may not proceed unless
the convening authority details new members sufficient in number to provide not less than
the applicable minimum number of five members. The trial may proceed with the new members
present after the recorded evidence previously introduced before the members of the court
has been read to the court in the presence of the military judge, the accused, and counsel
for both sides. (c) Whenever a special court-martial, other than a special...
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31-2A-42
Section 31-2A-42 (Article 42.) Oaths or affirmations. (a) Before performing their respective
duties, military judges, general and special courts-martial members, trial counsel, defense
counsel, reporters, and interpreters shall take an oath or affirmation in the presence of
the accused to perform their duties faithfully. The form of the oath or affirmation, the time
and place of the taking of the oath, the manner of recording the oath, and whether the oath
or affirmation shall be taken for all cases in which these duties are to be performed or for
a particular case, shall be as prescribed in regulation or as provided by law. These regulations
may provide that an oath or affirmation to perform faithfully the duties as a military judge,
trial counsel, or defense counsel may be taken at any time by any judge advocate or other
person certified or designated to be qualified or competent for the duty, and if such an oath
or affirmation is taken, it need not again be taken at the time the...
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31-2A-62
Section 31-2A-62 (Article 62.) Appeal by the state. (a)(1) In a trial by court-martial in which
a punitive discharge may be adjudged, the state may appeal the following, other than a finding
of not guilty with respect to the charge or specification by the members of the court-martial
or an order or ruling that is, or that amounts to, a finding of not guilty with respect to
the charge or specification: a. An order or ruling of the military judge which terminates
the proceedings with respect to a charge or specification. b. An order or ruling which excludes
evidence that is substantial proof of a fact material in the proceeding. c. An order or ruling
which directs the disclosure of classified information. d. An order or ruling which imposes
sanctions for nondisclosure of classified information. e. A refusal of the military judge
to issue a protective order sought by the state to prevent the disclosure of classified information.
f. A refusal by the military judge to enforce an order...
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31-2A-15
Section 31-2A-15 (Article 15.) Commanding officer's non-judicial punishment. (a) Under such
regulations as prescribed, any commanding officer may impose disciplinary punishments for
minor offenses without the intervention of a court-martial pursuant to this article. The Governor,
the Adjutant General, or an officer or a general or flag rank in command may delegate the
powers under this article to a principal assistant who is a member of the Alabama National
Guard. (b) For the purposes of this article, the term "day" shall mean the following:
(1) For the purposes of pay, one day shall equal one active duty military payday. (2) For
all other purposes, one day shall equal one calendar day. (c) For the purposes of this part,
all members must be in military status when punishment is imposed. (d) Any commanding officer
may impose upon enlisted members of the officer's command any of the following: (1) An admonition.
(2) A reprimand. (3) The withholding of privileges for up to six consecutive...
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31-2A-41
Section 31-2A-41 (Article 41.) Challenges. (a) Challenges For Cause. (1) The military judge
and members of a general or special court-martial may be challenged by the accused or the
trial counsel for cause stated to the court. The military judge or the court shall determine
the relevancy and validity of challenges for cause and may not receive a challenge to more
than one person at a time. Challenges by the trial counsel shall ordinarily be presented and
decided before those by the accused are offered. (2) If exercise of a challenge for cause
reduces the court below the minimum number of members required by Section 31-2A-16 (Article
16), all parties, notwithstanding Section 31-2A-29 (Article 29), shall either exercise or
waive any challenge for cause then apparent against the remaining members of the court before
additional members are detailed to the court. However, peremptory challenges shall not be
exercised at that time. (b) Peremptory Challenges. (1) Each accused and the trial...
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31-2A-38
Section 31-2A-38 (Article 38.) Duties of trial counsel and defense counsel. (a) The trial counsel
of a general or special court-martial shall prosecute in the name of the state, and, under
the direction of the court, shall prepare the record of the proceedings. (b)(1) The accused
has the right to be represented in defense before a general or special court-martial or at
an investigation under Section 31-2A-32 (Article 32) as provided in this subsection. (2) The
accused may be represented by civilian counsel at the provision and expense of the accused.
(3) The accused may be represented by either of the following: a. By military counsel detailed
under Section 31-2A-27 (Article 27). b. By military counsel of the accused's own selection
if that counsel is reasonably available as determined under subdivision (7). (4) If the accused
is represented by civilian counsel, military counsel detailed or selected under subdivision
(3) shall act as associate counsel unless excused at the request of...
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31-2A-54
Section 31-2A-54 (Article 54.) Record of trial. (a) Each general and special court-martial
shall keep a separate record of the proceedings in each case brought before it, and the record
shall be authenticated by the signature of the military judge. If the record cannot be authenticated
by the military judge by reason of his or her death, disability, or absence, it shall be authenticated
by the signature of the trial counsel or by that of a member, if the trial counsel is unable
to authenticate it by reason of his or her death, disability, or absence. In a court-martial
consisting of only a military judge, the record shall be authenticated by the court reporter
under the same conditions which would impose such a duty on a member under this subsection.
(b)(1) A complete verbatim record of the proceedings and testimony shall be prepared in each
general and special court-martial case resulting in a conviction. (2) In all other court-martial
cases, the record shall contain such matters as...
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