31-2A-50a
Section 31-2A-50a (Article 50a.) Defense of lack of mental responsibility. (a) It is an affirmative defense in a trial by court-martial that, at the time of the commission of the acts constituting the offense, the accused, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, was unable to appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of the acts. Mental disease or defect does not otherwise constitute a defense. (b) The accused has the burden of proving the defense of lack of mental responsibility by clear and convincing evidence. (c) Whenever lack of mental responsibility of the accused with respect to an offense is properly at issue, the military judge shall instruct the members of the court as to the defense of lack of mental responsibility under this article and charge members to find the accused any one of the following: (1) Guilty. (2) Not guilty. (3) Not guilty only by reason of lack of mental responsibility. (d) Subsection (c) does not apply to a court-martial composed of a...
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31-2A-37
Section 31-2A-37 (Article 37.) Unlawfully influencing action of court. (a) No authority convening a general, special, or summary court-martial, nor any other commanding officer, or officer serving on the staff thereof, may censure, reprimand, or admonish the court or any member, the military judge, or counsel thereof, with respect to the findings or sentence adjudged by the court or with respect to any other exercise of its or their functions in the conduct of the proceedings. No person subject to this code may attempt to coerce or, by any unauthorized means, influence the action of a court-martial or court of inquiry or any member thereof, in reaching the findings or sentence in any case, or the action of any convening, approving, or reviewing authority with respect to its judicial acts. This subsection shall not apply to either of the following: (1) General instructional or informational courses in military justice if such courses are designed solely for the purpose of instructing...
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31-2A-51
Section 31-2A-51 (Article 51.) Voting and rulings. (a) Voting by members of a general or special court-martial on the findings and on the sentence shall be by secret written ballot. The junior member of the court shall count the votes. The count shall be checked by the president, who shall forthwith announce the result of the ballot to the members of the court. (b) The military judge shall rule upon all questions of law and all interlocutory questions arising during the proceedings. Any such ruling made by the military judge upon any question of law or any interlocutory question other than the factual issue of mental responsibility of the accused is final and constitutes the ruling of the court. However, the military judge may change the ruling at any time during the trial. Unless the ruling is final, if any member objects thereto, the court shall be cleared and closed and the question decided by a voice vote as provided in Section 31-2A-52 (Article 52), beginning with the junior in...
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31-2A-64
Section 31-2A-64 (Article 64.) Review by the Senior Judge Advocate. (a) Each general and special court-martial case in which there has been a finding of guilty shall be reviewed by the senior judge advocate, or a designee for the convening authority. The senior judge advocate, or designee, may not review a case under this subsection if that person has acted in the same case as an accuser, investigating officer, member of the court, military judge, or counsel or has otherwise acted on behalf of the prosecution or defense. The senior judge advocate's review shall be in writing and shall contain all of the following: (1) Conclusions as to whether: a. The court had jurisdiction over the accused and the offense. b. The charge and specification stated an offense. c. The sentence was within the limits prescribed as a matter of law. (2) A response to each allegation of error made in writing by the accused. (3) If the case is sent for action under subsection (b), a recommendation as to the...
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31-2-105
Section 31-2-105 Courts-martial for members of National Guard - Delivery of certificate to sheriff for execution of sentence; disposition of fines. Where any sentence of a fine or imprisonment shall be imposed by any military court of this state, it shall be the duty of the Adjutant General, upon approval of the findings and sentences of such court by the Governor, to make out and sign a certificate entitling the case, giving the name of the accused, the date and place of trial, the date of approval of the sentence, the amount of the fine and term of imprisonment, if any, and deliver such certificate to the sheriff of the county wherein the sentence is to be executed. It shall thereupon be the duty of such officer to carry the sentence into execution in the manner prescribed by law for the collection of fines and serving imprisonment in criminal cases determined in the courts of this state. All fines collected under the provisions of this chapter shall be paid to the State of Alabama....
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31-2A-1
Section 31-2A-1 (Article 1.) Definitions. For the purposes of this code, unless the context otherwise requires, the following words have the following meanings: (1) ACCUSER. A person who signs and swears to charges, any person who directs that charges nominally be signed and sworn to by another, and any other person who has an interest other than an official interest in the prosecution of the accused. (2) CADET, CANDIDATE, or MIDSHIPMAN. A person who is enrolled in or attending a state military academy, a regional training institute, or any other formal education program for the purpose of becoming a commissioned officer in the state military forces. (3) CLASSIFIED INFORMATION. Information that meets all of the following requirements: a. Any information or material that has been determined by an official of the United States or any state pursuant to law, an Executive order, or regulation to require protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national or state security. b....
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31-2A-60
Section 31-2A-60 (Article 60.) Action by the convening authority. (a) The findings and sentence of a court-martial shall be reported promptly to the convening authority after the announcement of the sentence. (b)(1) The accused may submit to the convening authority matters for consideration by the convening authority with respect to the findings and the sentence. Any submission shall be in writing. Except in a summary court-martial case, a submission shall be made within 10 days after the accused has been given an authenticated record of trial and, if applicable, the recommendation of a judge advocate under subsection (d). In a summary court-martial case, such a submission shall be made within seven days after the sentence is announced. (2) If the accused shows that additional time is required for the accused to submit such matters, the convening authority or other person taking action under this article, for good cause, may extend the applicable period under subdivision (1) for up to...
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31-2A-34
Section 31-2A-34 (Article 34.) Advice of judge advocate and reference for trial. (a) Before directing the trial of any charge by general or special court-martial, the convening authority shall refer it to a judge advocate for consideration and advice. The convening authority may not refer a specification under a charge to a general or special court-martial for trial unless the convening authority has been advised in writing by a judge advocate of all of the following: (1) The specification alleges an offense under this code. (2) The specification is warranted by the evidence indicated in the report of investigation under Section 31-2A-32 (Article 32), if there is such a report. (3) A court-martial would have jurisdiction over the accused and the offense. (b) The advice of the judge advocate under subsection (a) with respect to a specification under a charge shall include a written and signed statement by the judge advocate containing both of the following: (1) Conclusions with respect...
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31-2A-38
Section 31-2A-38 (Article 38.) Duties of trial counsel and defense counsel. (a) The trial counsel of a general or special court-martial shall prosecute in the name of the state, and, under the direction of the court, shall prepare the record of the proceedings. (b)(1) The accused has the right to be represented in defense before a general or special court-martial or at an investigation under Section 31-2A-32 (Article 32) as provided in this subsection. (2) The accused may be represented by civilian counsel at the provision and expense of the accused. (3) The accused may be represented by either of the following: a. By military counsel detailed under Section 31-2A-27 (Article 27). b. By military counsel of the accused's own selection if that counsel is reasonably available as determined under subdivision (7). (4) If the accused is represented by civilian counsel, military counsel detailed or selected under subdivision (3) shall act as associate counsel unless excused at the request of...
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31-2A-54
Section 31-2A-54 (Article 54.) Record of trial. (a) Each general and special court-martial shall keep a separate record of the proceedings in each case brought before it, and the record shall be authenticated by the signature of the military judge. If the record cannot be authenticated by the military judge by reason of his or her death, disability, or absence, it shall be authenticated by the signature of the trial counsel or by that of a member, if the trial counsel is unable to authenticate it by reason of his or her death, disability, or absence. In a court-martial consisting of only a military judge, the record shall be authenticated by the court reporter under the same conditions which would impose such a duty on a member under this subsection. (b)(1) A complete verbatim record of the proceedings and testimony shall be prepared in each general and special court-martial case resulting in a conviction. (2) In all other court-martial cases, the record shall contain such matters as...
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