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31-2A-16
Section 31-2A-16 (Article 16.) Courts-martial classified. The three kinds of courts-martial
in the state military forces are: (1) General courts-martial, consisting of either of the
following: a. A military judge and not less than five members. b. Only a military judge, if
before the court is assembled the accused, knowing the identity of the military judge and
after consultation with defense counsel, requests orally on the record or in writing a court
composed only of a military judge and the military judge approves. (2) Special courts-martial,
consisting of either of the following: a. A military judge and not less than three members.
b. Only a military judge, if one has been detailed to the court, and the accused under the
same conditions as those prescribed in paragraph b. of subdivision (1) so requests. (3) Summary
courts-martial, consisting of one commissioned officer. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, ยง1.)...
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31-2A-26
Section 31-2A-26 (Article 26.) Military judge of a general or special court-martial. (a) A
military judge shall be detailed to each general and special court-martial. The military judge
shall preside over each open session of the court-martial to which the military judge has
been detailed. (b) A military judge shall be all of the following: (1) An active or retired
commissioned officer. (2) A member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a state
or a member of the bar of a federal court for at least five years. (3) Either a certified
military judge or a judge of a court of competent jurisdiction who is approved by the Adjutant
General. (c) In the instance when a military judge is not a member of the bar of the highest
court of the state, the military judge shall be deemed admitted pro hac vice, subject to filing
a certificate with the state judge advocate setting forth such qualifications provided in
subsection (b) and with notice and approval of the State Bar and Chief...
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31-2A-50a
Section 31-2A-50a (Article 50a.) Defense of lack of mental responsibility. (a) It is an affirmative
defense in a trial by court-martial that, at the time of the commission of the acts constituting
the offense, the accused, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, was unable to
appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of the acts. Mental disease or defect
does not otherwise constitute a defense. (b) The accused has the burden of proving the defense
of lack of mental responsibility by clear and convincing evidence. (c) Whenever lack of mental
responsibility of the accused with respect to an offense is properly at issue, the military
judge shall instruct the members of the court as to the defense of lack of mental responsibility
under this article and charge members to find the accused any one of the following: (1) Guilty.
(2) Not guilty. (3) Not guilty only by reason of lack of mental responsibility. (d) Subsection
(c) does not apply to a court-martial composed of a...
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31-2A-37
Section 31-2A-37 (Article 37.) Unlawfully influencing action of court. (a) No authority convening
a general, special, or summary court-martial, nor any other commanding officer, or officer
serving on the staff thereof, may censure, reprimand, or admonish the court or any member,
the military judge, or counsel thereof, with respect to the findings or sentence adjudged
by the court or with respect to any other exercise of its or their functions in the conduct
of the proceedings. No person subject to this code may attempt to coerce or, by any unauthorized
means, influence the action of a court-martial or court of inquiry or any member thereof,
in reaching the findings or sentence in any case, or the action of any convening, approving,
or reviewing authority with respect to its judicial acts. This subsection shall not apply
to either of the following: (1) General instructional or informational courses in military
justice if such courses are designed solely for the purpose of instructing...
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31-2A-15
Section 31-2A-15 (Article 15.) Commanding officer's non-judicial punishment. (a) Under such
regulations as prescribed, any commanding officer may impose disciplinary punishments for
minor offenses without the intervention of a court-martial pursuant to this article. The Governor,
the Adjutant General, or an officer or a general or flag rank in command may delegate the
powers under this article to a principal assistant who is a member of the Alabama National
Guard. (b) For the purposes of this article, the term "day" shall mean the following:
(1) For the purposes of pay, one day shall equal one active duty military payday. (2) For
all other purposes, one day shall equal one calendar day. (c) For the purposes of this part,
all members must be in military status when punishment is imposed. (d) Any commanding officer
may impose upon enlisted members of the officer's command any of the following: (1) An admonition.
(2) A reprimand. (3) The withholding of privileges for up to six consecutive...
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31-2A-41
Section 31-2A-41 (Article 41.) Challenges. (a) Challenges For Cause. (1) The military judge
and members of a general or special court-martial may be challenged by the accused or the
trial counsel for cause stated to the court. The military judge or the court shall determine
the relevancy and validity of challenges for cause and may not receive a challenge to more
than one person at a time. Challenges by the trial counsel shall ordinarily be presented and
decided before those by the accused are offered. (2) If exercise of a challenge for cause
reduces the court below the minimum number of members required by Section 31-2A-16 (Article
16), all parties, notwithstanding Section 31-2A-29 (Article 29), shall either exercise or
waive any challenge for cause then apparent against the remaining members of the court before
additional members are detailed to the court. However, peremptory challenges shall not be
exercised at that time. (b) Peremptory Challenges. (1) Each accused and the trial...
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31-2A-51
Section 31-2A-51 (Article 51.) Voting and rulings. (a) Voting by members of a general or special
court-martial on the findings and on the sentence shall be by secret written ballot. The junior
member of the court shall count the votes. The count shall be checked by the president, who
shall forthwith announce the result of the ballot to the members of the court. (b) The military
judge shall rule upon all questions of law and all interlocutory questions arising during
the proceedings. Any such ruling made by the military judge upon any question of law or any
interlocutory question other than the factual issue of mental responsibility of the accused
is final and constitutes the ruling of the court. However, the military judge may change the
ruling at any time during the trial. Unless the ruling is final, if any member objects thereto,
the court shall be cleared and closed and the question decided by a voice vote as provided
in Section 31-2A-52 (Article 52), beginning with the junior in...
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31-2A-38
Section 31-2A-38 (Article 38.) Duties of trial counsel and defense counsel. (a) The trial counsel
of a general or special court-martial shall prosecute in the name of the state, and, under
the direction of the court, shall prepare the record of the proceedings. (b)(1) The accused
has the right to be represented in defense before a general or special court-martial or at
an investigation under Section 31-2A-32 (Article 32) as provided in this subsection. (2) The
accused may be represented by civilian counsel at the provision and expense of the accused.
(3) The accused may be represented by either of the following: a. By military counsel detailed
under Section 31-2A-27 (Article 27). b. By military counsel of the accused's own selection
if that counsel is reasonably available as determined under subdivision (7). (4) If the accused
is represented by civilian counsel, military counsel detailed or selected under subdivision
(3) shall act as associate counsel unless excused at the request of...
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31-2A-1
Section 31-2A-1 (Article 1.) Definitions. For the purposes of this code, unless the context
otherwise requires, the following words have the following meanings: (1) ACCUSER. A person
who signs and swears to charges, any person who directs that charges nominally be signed and
sworn to by another, and any other person who has an interest other than an official interest
in the prosecution of the accused. (2) CADET, CANDIDATE, or MIDSHIPMAN. A person who is enrolled
in or attending a state military academy, a regional training institute, or any other formal
education program for the purpose of becoming a commissioned officer in the state military
forces. (3) CLASSIFIED INFORMATION. Information that meets all of the following requirements:
a. Any information or material that has been determined by an official of the United States
or any state pursuant to law, an Executive order, or regulation to require protection against
unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national or state security. b....
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31-2A-39
Section 31-2A-39 (Article 39.) Sessions. (a) At any time after the service of charges which
have been referred for trial to a court-martial composed of a military judge and members,
the military judge, subject to Section 31-2A-35 (Article 35), may call the court into session
without the presence of the members for the purpose of: (1) Hearing and determining motions
raising defenses or objections which are capable of determination without trial of the issues
raised by a plea of not guilty. (2) Hearing and ruling upon any matter which may be ruled
upon by the military judge under this code, whether or not the matter is appropriate for later
consideration or decision by the members of the court. (3) Holding the arraignment and receiving
the pleas of the accused. (4) Performing any other procedural function which does not require
the presence of the members of the court under this code. These proceedings shall be conducted
in the presence of the accused, the defense counsel, and the trial...
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