Code of Alabama

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7-5-111
Section 7-5-111 Remedies. (a) If an issuer wrongfully dishonors or repudiates its obligation
to pay money under a letter of credit before presentation, the beneficiary, successor, or
nominated person presenting on its own behalf may recover from the issuer the amount that
is the subject of the dishonor or repudiation. If the issuer's obligation under the letter
of credit is not for the payment of money, the claimant may obtain specific performance or,
at the claimant's election, recover an amount equal to the value of performance from the issuer.
In either case, the claimant may also recover incidental but not consequential damages. The
claimant is not obligated to take action to avoid damages that might be due from the issuer
under this subsection. If, although not obligated to do so, the claimant avoids damages, the
claimant's recovery from the issuer must be reduced by the amount of damages avoided. The
issuer has the burden of proving the amount of damages avoided. In the case of...
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7-9A-313
Section 7-9A-313 When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest
without filing. (a) Perfection by possession or delivery. Except as otherwise provided in
subsection (b), a secured party may perfect a security interest in tangible negotiable documents,
goods, instruments, money, or tangible chattel paper by taking possession of the collateral.
A secured party may perfect a security interest in certificated securities by taking delivery
of the certificated securities under Section 7-8-301. (b) Goods covered by certificate of
title. With respect to goods covered by a certificate of title issued by this State, a secured
party may perfect a security interest in the goods by taking possession of the goods only
in the circumstances described in Section 7-9A-316(d). (c) Collateral in possession of person
other than debtor. With respect to collateral other than certificated securities and goods
covered by a document, a secured party takes possession of collateral in...
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7-9A-107
Section 7-9A-107 Control of letter-of-credit right. A secured party has control of a letter-of-credit
right to the extent of any right to payment or performance by the issuer or any nominated
person if the issuer or nominated person has consented to an assignment of proceeds of the
letter of credit under Section 7-5-114(c) or otherwise applicable law or practice. (Act 2001-481,
p. 647, ยง1.)...
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7-9A-309
Section 7-9A-309 Security interest perfected upon attachment. The following security interests
are perfected when they attach: (1) a purchase-money security interest in consumer goods,
except as otherwise provided in Section 7-9A-311(b) with respect to consumer goods that are
subject to a statute or treaty described in Section 7-9A-311(a); (2) an assignment of accounts
or payment intangibles which does not by itself or in conjunction with other assignments to
the same assignee transfer a significant part of the assignor's outstanding accounts or payment
intangibles; (3) a sale of a payment intangible; (4) a sale of a promissory note; (5) a security
interest created by the assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable to the provider of
the health-care goods or services; (6) a security interest arising under Section 7-2-401,
7-2-505, 7-2-711(3), or 7-2A-508(5), until the debtor obtains possession of the collateral;
(7) a security interest of a collecting bank arising under Section...
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7-9A-805
Section 7-9A-805 Effectiveness of action taken before effective date. (a) Pre-effective date
filing effective. The filing of a financing statement before July 1, 2014, is effective to
perfect a security interest to the extent the filing would satisfy the applicable requirements
for perfection under Article 9A as amended by Act 2014-374. (b) When pre-effective date filing
becomes ineffective. Act 2014-374 does not render ineffective a financing statement that,
before July 1, 2014, is filed and satisfies the applicable requirements for perfection under
the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in Article 9A as it existed before
amendment. However, except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d) and Section 7-9A-806,
the financing statement ceases to be effective: (1) if the financing statement is filed in
this state, at the time the financing statement would have ceased to be effective had Act
2014-374 not taken effect; or (2) if the financing statement is...
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7-9A-408
Section 7-9A-408 Restrictions on assignment of promissory notes, health-care-insurance receivables,
and certain general intangibles ineffective. (a) Term restricting assignment generally ineffective.
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a term in a promissory note or in an agreement
between an account debtor and a debtor which relates to a health-care-insurance receivable
or a general intangible, including a contract, permit, license, or franchise, and which term
prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the person obligated on the promissory note
or the account debtor to, the assignment or transfer of, or creation, attachment, or perfection
of a security interest in, the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general
intangible, is ineffective to the extent that the term: (1) would impair the creation, attachment,
or perfection of a security interest; or (2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the
creation, attachment, or perfection of the...
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7-5-109
Section 7-5-109 Fraud and forgery. (a) If a presentation is made that appears on its face strictly
to comply with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, but a required document is
forged or materially fraudulent, or honor of the presentation would facilitate a material
fraud by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant: (1) the issuer shall honor the presentation,
if honor is demanded by (i) a nominated person who has given value in good faith and without
notice of forgery or material fraud, (ii) a confirmer who has honored its confirmation in
good faith, (iii) a holder in due course of a draft drawn under the letter of credit which
was taken after acceptance by the issuer or nominated person, or (iv) an assignee of the issuer's
or nominated person's deferred obligation that was taken for value and without notice of forgery
or material fraud after the obligation was incurred by the issuer or nominated person; and
(2) the issuer, acting in good faith, may honor or dishonor...
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7-7-503
Section 7-7-503 Document of title to goods defeated in certain cases. (a) A document of title
confers no right in goods against a person that before issuance of the document had a legal
interest or a perfected security interest in the goods and that did not: (1) Deliver or entrust
the goods or any document of title covering the goods to the bailor or the bailor's nominee
with: (A) Actual or apparent authority to ship, store, or sell; (B) Power to obtain delivery
under Section 7-7-403; or (C) Power of disposition under Section 7-2-403, 7-2A-304(2), 7-2A-305(2),
7-9A-320, or 7-9A-321(c) or other statute or rule of law; or (2) Acquiesce in the procurement
by the bailor or its nominee of any document. (b) Title to goods based upon an unaccepted
delivery order is subject to the rights of any person to which a negotiable warehouse receipt
or bill of lading covering the goods has been duly negotiated. That title may be defeated
under Section 7-7-504 to the same extent as the rights of the...
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7-5-113
Section 7-5-113 Transfer by operation of law. (a) A successor of a beneficiary may consent
to amendments, sign and present documents, and receive payment or other items of value in
the name of the beneficiary without disclosing its status as a successor. (b) A successor
of a beneficiary may consent to amendments, sign and present documents, and receive payment
or other items of value in its own name as the disclosed successor of the beneficiary. Except
as otherwise provided in subsection (e), an issuer shall recognize a disclosed successor of
a beneficiary as beneficiary in full substitution for its predecessor upon compliance with
the requirements for recognition by the issuer of a transfer of drawing rights by operation
of law under the standard practice referred to in Section 7-5-108(e) or, in the absence of
such a practice, compliance with other reasonable procedures sufficient to protect the issuer.
(c) An issuer is not obliged to determine whether a purported successor is a...
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7-8-102
Section 7-8-102 Definitions. (a) In this article: (1) "Adverse claim" means a claim
that a claimant has a property interest in a financial asset and that it is a violation of
the rights of the claimant for another person to hold, transfer, or deal with the financial
asset. (2) "Bearer form," as applied to a certificated security, means a form in
which the security is payable to the bearer of the security certificate according to its terms
but not by reason of an indorsement. (3) "Broker" means a person defined as a broker
or dealer under the federal securities laws, but without excluding a bank acting in that capacity.
(4) "Certificated security" means a security that is represented by a certificate.
(5) "Clearing corporation" means: (i) a person that is registered as a "clearing
agency" under the federal securities laws; (ii) a federal reserve bank; or (iii) any
other person that provides clearance or settlement services with respect to financial assets
that would require it to...
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