7-8-510
Section 7-8-510 Rights of purchaser of security entitlement from entitlement holder. (a) In
a case not covered by the priority rules in Article 9A or the rules stated in subsection (c),
an action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset or security entitlement, whether
framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not
be asserted against a person who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein,
from an entitlement holder if the purchaser gives value, does not have notice of the adverse
claim, and obtains control. (b) If an adverse claim could not have been asserted against an
entitlement holder under Section 7-8-502, the adverse claim cannot be asserted against a person
who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein, from the entitlement holder.
(c) In a case not covered by the priority rules in Article 9A, a purchaser for value of a
security entitlement, or an interest therein, who obtains control has priority...
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7-8-102
Section 7-8-102 Definitions. (a) In this article: (1) "Adverse claim" means a claim
that a claimant has a property interest in a financial asset and that it is a violation of
the rights of the claimant for another person to hold, transfer, or deal with the financial
asset. (2) "Bearer form," as applied to a certificated security, means a form in
which the security is payable to the bearer of the security certificate according to its terms
but not by reason of an indorsement. (3) "Broker" means a person defined as a broker
or dealer under the federal securities laws, but without excluding a bank acting in that capacity.
(4) "Certificated security" means a security that is represented by a certificate.
(5) "Clearing corporation" means: (i) a person that is registered as a "clearing
agency" under the federal securities laws; (ii) a federal reserve bank; or (iii) any
other person that provides clearance or settlement services with respect to financial assets
that would require it to...
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7-8-110
Section 7-8-110 Applicability; choice of law. (a) The local law of the issuer's jurisdiction,
as specified in subsection (d), governs: (1) the validity of a security; (2) the rights and
duties of the issuer with respect to registration of transfer; (3) the effectiveness of registration
of transfer by the issuer; (4) whether the issuer owes any duties to an adverse claimant to
a security; and (5) whether an adverse claim can be asserted against a person to whom transfer
of a certificated or uncertificated security is registered or a person who obtains control
of an uncertificated security. (b) The local law of the securities intermediary's jurisdiction,
as specified in subsection (e), governs: (1) acquisition of a security entitlement from the
securities intermediary; (2) the rights and duties of the securities intermediary and entitlement
holder arising out of a security entitlement; (3) whether the securities intermediary owes
any duties to an adverse claimant to a security...
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13A-8-1
7-9A-102(a)(28), in respect of property in which the secured party has a security interest,
as defined in Section 7-1-201(37). (10) PROPELLED VEHICLE. Any propelled device in, upon,
or by which any person or property is transported on land, water, or in the air, and such
term includes motor vehicles, motorcycles, motorboats, aircraft, and any vessel propelled
by machinery, whether or not that machinery is the principal source of propulsion. (11) PROPERTY.
Any money, tangible or intangible personal property, property (whether real or personal)
the location of which can be changed (including things growing on, affixed to, or found in
land and documents, although the rights represented hereby have no physical location), contract
right, chose-in-action, interest in a claim to wealth, credit, or any other article or thing
of value of any kind. Commodities of a public utility nature, such as gas, electricity, steam,
and water, constitute property, but the supplying of such a commodity to...
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7-9A-102
term includes: (A) proceeds to which a security interest attaches; (B) accounts, chattel paper,
payment intangibles, and promissory notes that have been sold; and (C) goods that are the
subject of a consignment. (13) "Commercial tort claim" means a claim arising in
tort with respect to which: (A) the claimant is an organization; or (B) the claimant is an
individual and the claim: (i) arose in the course of the claimant's business or profession;
and (ii) does not include damages arising out of personal injury to or the death
of an individual. (14) "Commodity account" means an account maintained by a commodity
intermediary in which a commodity contract is carried for a commodity customer. (15) "Commodity
contract" means a commodity futures contract, an option on a commodity futures contract,
a commodity option, or another contract if the contract or option is: (A) traded on or subject
to the rules of a board of trade that has been designated as a contract market for such a
contract...
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8-20-4
carriers. q. To offer any refunds or other types of inducements to any person for the purchase
of new motor vehicles of a certain line make to be sold to the state or any political subdivision
thereof without making the same offer to all other new motor vehicle dealers in the same line
make within the state. r. To release to any outside party, except under subpoena, or as otherwise
required by law or in an administrative, judicial, or arbitration proceeding, any business,
financial, or personal information which may be from time to time provided by the dealer
to the manufacturer, without the express written consent of the dealer. s. To own an interest
in a new motor vehicle dealership, to operate or control a dealership, to make direct sales
or leases of new motor vehicles to the public in Alabama, or to own, operate, or control a
facility for performance of motor vehicle warranty or repair service work, except as follows:
1. The manufacturer or distributor is owning or operating...
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7-8-109
Section 7-8-109 Warranties in indirect holding. (a) A person who originates an entitlement
order to a securities intermediary warrants to the securities intermediary that: (1) the entitlement
order is made by an appropriate person, or if the entitlement order is by an agent, the agent
has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and (2) there is no adverse
claim to the security entitlement. (b) A person who delivers a security certificate to a securities
intermediary for credit to a securities account or originates an instruction with respect
to an uncertificated security directing that the uncertificated security be credited to a
securities account makes to the securities intermediary the warranties specified in Section
7-8-108(a) or (b). (c) If a securities intermediary delivers a security certificate to its
entitlement holder or causes its entitlement holder to be registered as the owner of an uncertificated
security, the securities intermediary makes to the...
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7-8-511
Section 7-8-511 Priority among security interests and entitlement holders. (a) Except as otherwise
provided in subsections (b) and (c), if a securities intermediary does not have sufficient
interests in a particular financial asset to satisfy both its obligations to entitlement holders
who have security entitlements to that financial asset and its obligation to a creditor of
the securities intermediary who has a security interest in that financial asset, the claims
of entitlement holders, other than the creditor, have priority over the claim of the creditor.
(b) A claim of a creditor of a securities intermediary who has a security interest in a financial
asset held by a securities intermediary has priority over claims of the securities intermediary's
entitlement holders who have security entitlements with respect to that financial asset if
the creditor has control over the financial asset. (c) If a clearing corporation does not
have sufficient financial assets to satisfy both its...
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7-8-115
Section 7-8-115 Securities intermediary and others not liable to adverse claimant. A securities
intermediary that has transferred a financial asset pursuant to an effective entitlement order,
or a broker or other agent or bailee that has dealt with a financial asset at the direction
of its customer or principal, is not liable to a person having an adverse claim to the financial
asset, unless the securities intermediary, or broker or other agent or bailee: (1) took the
action after it had been served with an injunction, restraining order, or other legal process
enjoining it from doing so, issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, and had a reasonable
opportunity to act on the injunction, restraining order, or other legal process; or (2) acted
in collusion with the wrongdoer in violating the rights of the adverse claimant; or (3) in
the case of a security certificate that has been stolen, acted with notice of the adverse
claim. (Acts 1996, No. 96-742, p. 1241, §1.)...
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7-8-106
Section 7-8-106 Control. (a) A purchaser has "control" of a certificated security
in bearer form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser. (b) A purchaser
has "control" of a certificated security in registered form if the certificated
security is delivered to the purchaser, and: (1) the certificate is indorsed to the purchaser
or in blank by an effective indorsement; or (2) the certificate is registered in the name
of the purchaser, upon original issue or registration of transfer by the issuer. (c) A purchaser
has "control" of an uncertificated security if: (1) the uncertificated security
is delivered to the purchaser; or (2) the issuer has agreed that it will comply with instructions
originated by the purchaser without further consent by the registered owner. (d) A purchaser
has "control" of a security entitlement if: (1) the purchaser becomes the entitlement
holder; (2) the securities intermediary has agreed that it will comply with entitlement orders
originated by...
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