Code of Alabama

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7-8-115
Section 7-8-115 Securities intermediary and others not liable to adverse claimant. A securities
intermediary that has transferred a financial asset pursuant to an effective entitlement order,
or a broker or other agent or bailee that has dealt with a financial asset at the direction
of its customer or principal, is not liable to a person having an adverse claim to the financial
asset, unless the securities intermediary, or broker or other agent or bailee: (1) took the
action after it had been served with an injunction, restraining order, or other legal process
enjoining it from doing so, issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, and had a reasonable
opportunity to act on the injunction, restraining order, or other legal process; or (2) acted
in collusion with the wrongdoer in violating the rights of the adverse claimant; or (3) in
the case of a security certificate that has been stolen, acted with notice of the adverse
claim. (Acts 1996, No. 96-742, p. 1241, ยง1.)...
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7-8-102
Section 7-8-102 Definitions. (a) In this article: (1) "Adverse claim" means a claim
that a claimant has a property interest in a financial asset and that it is a violation of
the rights of the claimant for another person to hold, transfer, or deal with the financial
asset. (2) "Bearer form," as applied to a certificated security, means a form in
which the security is payable to the bearer of the security certificate according to its terms
but not by reason of an indorsement. (3) "Broker" means a person defined as a broker
or dealer under the federal securities laws, but without excluding a bank acting in that capacity.
(4) "Certificated security" means a security that is represented by a certificate.
(5) "Clearing corporation" means: (i) a person that is registered as a "clearing
agency" under the federal securities laws; (ii) a federal reserve bank; or (iii) any
other person that provides clearance or settlement services with respect to financial assets
that would require it to...
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7-8-110
Section 7-8-110 Applicability; choice of law. (a) The local law of the issuer's jurisdiction,
as specified in subsection (d), governs: (1) the validity of a security; (2) the rights and
duties of the issuer with respect to registration of transfer; (3) the effectiveness of registration
of transfer by the issuer; (4) whether the issuer owes any duties to an adverse claimant to
a security; and (5) whether an adverse claim can be asserted against a person to whom transfer
of a certificated or uncertificated security is registered or a person who obtains control
of an uncertificated security. (b) The local law of the securities intermediary's jurisdiction,
as specified in subsection (e), governs: (1) acquisition of a security entitlement from the
securities intermediary; (2) the rights and duties of the securities intermediary and entitlement
holder arising out of a security entitlement; (3) whether the securities intermediary owes
any duties to an adverse claimant to a security...
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7-9A-102
Section 7-9A-102 Definitions and index of definitions. (a) Article 9A definitions. In this
article: (1) "Accession" means goods that are physically united with other goods
in such a manner that the identity of the original goods is not lost. (2) "Account,"
except as used in "account for," means a right to payment of a monetary obligation,
whether or not earned by performance, (i) for property that has been or is to be sold, leased,
licensed, assigned, or otherwise disposed of, (ii) for services rendered or to be rendered,
(iii) for a policy of insurance issued or to be issued, (iv) for a secondary obligation incurred
or to be incurred, (v) for energy provided or to be provided, (vi) for the use or hire of
a vessel under a charter or other contract, (vii) arising out of the use of a credit or charge
card or information contained on or for use with the card, or (viii) as winnings in a lottery
or other game of chance operated or sponsored by a State, governmental unit of a State, or...

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5-5A-42
Section 5-5A-42 Adverse claims to deposits. Notice to any bank of an adverse claim to a deposit
standing on its books to the credit of any person shall not be effectual to cause said bank
to recognize said adverse claimant unless said adverse claimant shall also either procure
a restraining order, injunction or other appropriate process against said bank from a court
of competent jurisdiction in a civil action therein instituted by such claimant wherein the
person to whose credit the deposit stands is made a party and served with summons or shall
execute to said bank in form and with sureties acceptable to it, a bond indemnifying said
bank from any and all liability, loss, damage, costs and expenses for and on account of the
payment or recognition of such adverse claim or the dishonor of or failure to pay the check
or failure to comply with other order of the person to whose credit the deposit stands on
the books of said bank; provided, that this section shall not apply in any instance...
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7-8-510
Section 7-8-510 Rights of purchaser of security entitlement from entitlement holder. (a) In
a case not covered by the priority rules in Article 9A or the rules stated in subsection (c),
an action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset or security entitlement, whether
framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not
be asserted against a person who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein,
from an entitlement holder if the purchaser gives value, does not have notice of the adverse
claim, and obtains control. (b) If an adverse claim could not have been asserted against an
entitlement holder under Section 7-8-502, the adverse claim cannot be asserted against a person
who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein, from the entitlement holder.
(c) In a case not covered by the priority rules in Article 9A, a purchaser for value of a
security entitlement, or an interest therein, who obtains control has priority...
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7-8-511
Section 7-8-511 Priority among security interests and entitlement holders. (a) Except as otherwise
provided in subsections (b) and (c), if a securities intermediary does not have sufficient
interests in a particular financial asset to satisfy both its obligations to entitlement holders
who have security entitlements to that financial asset and its obligation to a creditor of
the securities intermediary who has a security interest in that financial asset, the claims
of entitlement holders, other than the creditor, have priority over the claim of the creditor.
(b) A claim of a creditor of a securities intermediary who has a security interest in a financial
asset held by a securities intermediary has priority over claims of the securities intermediary's
entitlement holders who have security entitlements with respect to that financial asset if
the creditor has control over the financial asset. (c) If a clearing corporation does not
have sufficient financial assets to satisfy both its...
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7-8-501
Section 7-8-501 Securities account; acquisition of security entitlement from securities intermediary.
(a) "Securities account" means an account to which a financial asset is or may be
credited in accordance with an agreement under which the person maintaining the account undertakes
to treat the person for whom the account is maintained as entitled to exercise the rights
that comprise the financial asset. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (d) and
(e), a person acquires a security entitlement if a securities intermediary: (1) indicates
by book entry that a financial asset has been credited to the person's securities account;
(2) receives a financial asset from the person or acquires a financial asset for the person
and, in either case, accepts it for credit to the person's securities account; or (3) becomes
obligated under other law, regulation, or rule to credit a financial asset to the person's
securities account. (c) If a condition of subsection (b) has been met, a...
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7-8-507
Section 7-8-507 Duty of securities intermediary to comply with entitlement order. (a) A securities
intermediary shall comply with an entitlement order if the entitlement order is originated
by the appropriate person, the securities intermediary has had reasonable opportunity to assure
itself that the entitlement order is genuine and authorized, and the securities intermediary
has had reasonable opportunity to comply with the entitlement order. A securities intermediary
satisfies the duty if: (1) the securities intermediary acts with respect to the duty as agreed
upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or (2) in the absence of agreement,
the securities intermediary exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards
to comply with the entitlement order. (b) If a securities intermediary transfers a financial
asset pursuant to an ineffective entitlement order, the securities intermediary shall reestablish
a security entitlement in favor of the...
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7-8-109
Section 7-8-109 Warranties in indirect holding. (a) A person who originates an entitlement
order to a securities intermediary warrants to the securities intermediary that: (1) the entitlement
order is made by an appropriate person, or if the entitlement order is by an agent, the agent
has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and (2) there is no adverse
claim to the security entitlement. (b) A person who delivers a security certificate to a securities
intermediary for credit to a securities account or originates an instruction with respect
to an uncertificated security directing that the uncertificated security be credited to a
securities account makes to the securities intermediary the warranties specified in Section
7-8-108(a) or (b). (c) If a securities intermediary delivers a security certificate to its
entitlement holder or causes its entitlement holder to be registered as the owner of an uncertificated
security, the securities intermediary makes to the...
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