Code of Alabama

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7-4-407
Section 7-4-407 Payor bank's right to subrogation on improper payment. If a payor bank has
paid an item over the order of the drawer or maker to stop payment, or after an account has
been closed, or otherwise under circumstances giving a basis for objection by the drawer or
maker, to prevent unjust enrichment and only to the extent necessary to prevent loss to the
bank by reason of its payment of the item, the payor bank is subrogated to the rights (1)
of any holder in due course on the item against the drawer or maker; (2) of the payee or any
other holder of the item against the drawer or maker either on the item or under the transaction
out of which the item arose; and (3) of the drawer or maker against the payee or any other
holder of the item with respect to the transaction out of which the item arose. (Acts 1965,
No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §2; added by Acts 1995, No.
95-668, p. 1381, §2.)...
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7-4-401
Section 7-4-401 When bank may charge customer's account. (a) A bank may charge against the
account of a customer an item that is properly payable from that account even though the charge
creates an overdraft. An item is properly payable if it is authorized by the customer and
is in accordance with any agreement between the customer and bank. (b) A customer is not liable
for the amount of an overdraft if the customer neither signed the item nor benefited from
the proceeds of the item, except that a bank may charge the amount of the overdraft, interest
thereon, and any applicable fee against deposits or other credits to the account, regardless
of the source of the deposits or credits. (c) A bank may charge against the account of a customer
a check that is otherwise properly payable from the account, even though payment was made
before the date of the check, unless the customer has given notice to the bank of the postdating
describing the check with reasonable certainty. The notice is...
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7-4-301
Section 7-4-301 Deferred posting; recovery of payment by return of items; time of dishonor;
return of items by payor bank. (a) If a payor bank settles for a demand item other than a
documentary draft presented otherwise than for immediate payment over the counter before midnight
of the banking day of receipt, the payor bank may revoke the settlement and recover the settlement
if, before it has made final payment and before its midnight deadline, it (1) returns the
item; or (2) sends written notice of dishonor or nonpayment if the item is unavailable for
return. (b) If a demand item is received by a payor bank for credit on its books, it may return
the item or send notice of dishonor and may revoke any credit given or recover the amount
thereof withdrawn by its customer, if it acts within the time limit and in the manner specified
in subsection (a). (c) Unless previous notice of dishonor has been sent, an item is dishonored
at the time when for purposes of dishonor it is returned or...
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7-4-215
Section 7-4-215 Final payment of item by payor bank; when provisional debits and credits become
final; when certain credits become available for withdrawal. (a) An item is finally paid by
a payor bank when the bank has first done any of the following: (1) Paid the item in cash;
(2) Settled for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearing-house
rule, or agreement; or (3) Made a provisional settlement for the item and failed to revoke
the settlement in the time and manner permitted by statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement.
(b) If provisional settlement for an item does not become final, the item is not finally paid.
(c) If provisional settlement for an item between the presenting and payor banks is made through
a clearing house or by debits or credits in an account between them, then to the extent that
provisional debits or credits for the item are entered in accounts between the presenting
and payor banks or between the presenting and successive...
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7-4A-406
Section 7-4A-406 Payment by originator to beneficiary; discharge of underlying obligation.
(a) Subject to Sections 7-4A-211(e), 7-4A-405(d), and 7-4A-405(e), the originator of a funds
transfer pays the beneficiary of the originator's payment order (i) at the time a payment
order for the benefit of the beneficiary is accepted by the beneficiary's bank in the funds
transfer and (ii) in an amount equal to the amount of the order accepted by the beneficiary's
bank, but not more than the amount of the originator's order. (b) If payment under subsection
(a) is made to satisfy an obligation, the obligation is discharged to the same extent discharge
would result from payment to the beneficiary of the same amount in money, unless (i) the payment
under subsection (a) was made by a means prohibited by the contract of the beneficiary with
respect to the obligation, (ii) the beneficiary, within a reasonable time after receiving
notice of receipt of the order by the beneficiary's bank, notified the...
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7-2-201
Section 7-2-201 Formal requirements; statute of frauds. (1) Except as otherwise provided in
this section a contract for the sale of goods for the price of $500 or more is not enforceable
by way of action or defense unless there is some writing sufficient to indicate that a contract
for sale has been made between the parties and signed by the party against whom enforcement
is sought or by his authorized agent or broker. A writing is not insufficient because it omits
or incorrectly states a term agreed upon, but the contract is not enforceable under this paragraph
beyond the quantity of goods shown in such writing. (2) Between merchants if within a reasonable
time a writing in confirmation of the contract and sufficient against the sender is received
and the party receiving it has reason to know its contents, it satisfies the requirements
of subsection (1) against such party unless written notice of objection to its contents is
given within 10 days after it is received. (3) A contract...
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7-8-108
Section 7-8-108 Warranties in direct holding. (a) A person who transfers a certificated security
to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser, and an indorser, if the transfer is by
indorsement, warrants to any subsequent purchaser, that: (1) the certificate is genuine and
has not been materially altered; (2) the transferor or indorser does not know of any fact
that might impair the validity of the security; (3) there is no adverse claim to the security;
(4) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer; (5) if the transfer is by indorsement,
the indorsement is made by an appropriate person, or if the indorsement is by an agent, the
agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and (6) the transfer
is otherwise effective and rightful. (b) A person who originates an instruction for registration
of transfer of an uncertificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser
that: (1) the instruction is made by an appropriate person,...
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7-3-312
Section 7-3-312 Lost, destroyed, or stolen cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check.
(a) In this section: (1) "Check" means a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified
check. (2) "Claimant" means a person who claims the right to receive the amount
of a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check that was lost, destroyed, or stolen.
(3) "Declaration of loss" means a written statement, made under penalty of perjury,
to the effect that (i) the declarer lost possession of a check, (ii) the declarer is the drawer
or payee of the check, in the case of a certified check, or the remitter or payee of the check,
in the case of a cashier's check or teller's check, (iii) the loss of possession was not the
result of a transfer by the declarer or a lawful seizure, and (iv) the declarer cannot reasonably
obtain possession of the check because the check was destroyed, its whereabouts cannot be
determined, or it is in the wrongful possession of an unknown person or a person that...
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7-9A-406
Section 7-9A-406 Discharge of account debtor; notification of assignment; identification and
proof of assignment; restrictions on assignment of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles,
and promissory notes ineffective. (a) Discharge of account debtor; effect of notification.
Subject to subsections (b) through (i), an account debtor on an account, chattel paper, or
a payment intangible may discharge its obligation by paying the assignor until, but not after,
the account debtor receives a notification, authenticated by the assignor or the assignee,
that the amount due or to become due has been assigned and that payment is to be made to the
assignee. After receipt of the notification, the account debtor may discharge its obligation
by paying the assignee and may not discharge the obligation by paying the assignor. (b) When
notification ineffective. Subject to subsection (h), notification is ineffective under subsection
(a): (1) if it does not reasonably identify the rights assigned;...
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16-25-23
Section 16-25-23 Exemptions from execution; recovery actions. (a) Except as provided in subsection
(b), the right of a person to a pension; an annuity, or a retirement allowance; to the return
of contributions; the pension, annuity or retirement allowance itself; any optional benefit
or any other right accrued or accruing to any person under the provisions of this chapter;
and the monies in the various funds created by this chapter are hereby exempt from any state
or municipal tax and exempt from levy and sale, garnishment, attachment or any other process
whatsoever, and shall be unassignable except as in this chapter specifically otherwise provided.
(b)(1) Restitution, fines, court costs, fees, or any other financial obligations in a criminal
case ordered by a circuit or district court judge in this state are not subject to the exemption
set out in subsection (a), provided all of the following are satisfied: a. The amount of the
restitution ordered is in the amount of one thousand...
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