Code of Alabama

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7-8-108
Section 7-8-108 Warranties in direct holding. (a) A person who transfers a certificated security
to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser, and an indorser, if the transfer is by
indorsement, warrants to any subsequent purchaser, that: (1) the certificate is genuine and
has not been materially altered; (2) the transferor or indorser does not know of any fact
that might impair the validity of the security; (3) there is no adverse claim to the security;
(4) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer; (5) if the transfer is by indorsement,
the indorsement is made by an appropriate person, or if the indorsement is by an agent, the
agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and (6) the transfer
is otherwise effective and rightful. (b) A person who originates an instruction for registration
of transfer of an uncertificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser
that: (1) the instruction is made by an appropriate person,...
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7-9A-408
Section 7-9A-408 Restrictions on assignment of promissory notes, health-care-insurance receivables,
and certain general intangibles ineffective. (a) Term restricting assignment generally ineffective.
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a term in a promissory note or in an agreement
between an account debtor and a debtor which relates to a health-care-insurance receivable
or a general intangible, including a contract, permit, license, or franchise, and which term
prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the person obligated on the promissory note
or the account debtor to, the assignment or transfer of, or creation, attachment, or perfection
of a security interest in, the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general
intangible, is ineffective to the extent that the term: (1) would impair the creation, attachment,
or perfection of a security interest; or (2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the
creation, attachment, or perfection of the...
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19-3D-17
Section 19-3D-17 THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2018 REGULAR SESSION,
EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2019. THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT. RELIEF FROM LIABILITY
AND INDEMNIFICATION. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a second-trust instrument
may not relieve an authorized fiduciary from liability for breach of trust to a greater extent
than the first-trust instrument. (b) A second-trust instrument may provide for indemnification
of an authorized fiduciary of the first trust or another person acting in a fiduciary capacity
under the first trust for any liability or claim that would have been payable from the first
trust if the decanting power had not been exercised. (c) A second-trust instrument may not
reduce fiduciary liability in the aggregate. (d) Subject to subsection (c), a second-trust
instrument may divide and reallocate fiduciary powers among fiduciaries, including one or
more trustees, distribution advisors, investment advisors,...
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8-6-71
Section 8-6-71 (Repealed effective January 1, 1997) Definitions. For the purposes of this article,
unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall have the meanings respectively
ascribed to them by this section: Assignment. Such term includes any written stock power,
bond power, bill of sale, deed, declaration of trust, or other instrument of transfer. Claim
of beneficial interest. Such term includes a claim of any interest by a decedent's legatee,
distributee, heir or creditor, a beneficiary under a trust, a ward, a beneficial owner of
a security registered in the name of a nominee or a minor owner of a security registered in
the name of a custodian, or a claim of any similar interest whether the claim is asserted
by the claimant, a fiduciary, or by any other authorized person on his behalf and includes
a claim that the transfer would be in breach of fiduciary duties. Corporation. A private or
public corporation, association, or trust issuing a security. Fiduciary. An...
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7-3-411
Section 7-3-411 Refusal to pay cashier's checks, teller's checks, and certified checks. (a)
In this section, "obligated bank" means the acceptor of a certified check or the
issuer of a cashier's check or teller's check bought from the issuer. (b) If the obligated
bank wrongfully (i) refuses to pay a cashier's check or certified check, (ii) stops payment
of a teller's check, or (iii) refuses to pay a dishonored teller's check, the person asserting
the right to enforce the check is entitled to compensation for expenses and loss of interest
resulting from the nonpayment and may recover consequential damages if the obligated bank
refuses to pay after receiving notice of particular circumstances giving rise to the damages.
(c) Expenses or consequential damages under subsection (b) are not recoverable if the refusal
of the obligated bank to pay occurs because (i) the bank suspends payments, (ii) the obligated
bank asserts a claim or defense of the bank that it has reasonable grounds to...
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7-9A-406
Section 7-9A-406 Discharge of account debtor; notification of assignment; identification and
proof of assignment; restrictions on assignment of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles,
and promissory notes ineffective. (a) Discharge of account debtor; effect of notification.
Subject to subsections (b) through (i), an account debtor on an account, chattel paper, or
a payment intangible may discharge its obligation by paying the assignor until, but not after,
the account debtor receives a notification, authenticated by the assignor or the assignee,
that the amount due or to become due has been assigned and that payment is to be made to the
assignee. After receipt of the notification, the account debtor may discharge its obligation
by paying the assignee and may not discharge the obligation by paying the assignor. (b) When
notification ineffective. Subject to subsection (h), notification is ineffective under subsection
(a): (1) if it does not reasonably identify the rights assigned;...
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7-9A-409
Section 7-9A-409 Restrictions on assignment of letter-of-credit rights ineffective. (a) Term
or law restricting assignment generally ineffective. A term in a letter of credit or a rule
of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice applicable to the letter of credit which
prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of an applicant, issuer, or nominated person
to a beneficiary's assignment of or creation of a security interest in a letter-of-credit
right is ineffective to the extent that the term or rule of law, statute, regulation, custom,
or practice: (1) would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest
in the letter-of-credit right; or (2) provides that the assignment or the creation, attachment,
or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment,
claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the letter-of-credit right.
(b) Limitation on ineffectiveness under subsection (a). To the extent...
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7-3-206
Section 7-3-206 Restrictive indorsement. (a) An indorsement limiting payment to a particular
person or otherwise prohibiting further transfer or negotiation of the instrument is not effective
to prevent further transfer or negotiation of the instrument. (b) An indorsement stating a
condition to the right of the indorsee to receive payment does not affect the right of the
indorsee to enforce the instrument. A person paying the instrument or taking it for value
or collection may disregard the condition, and the rights and liabilities of that person are
not affected by whether the condition has been fulfilled. (c) If an instrument bears an indorsement
(i) described in Section 7-4-201(b), or (ii) in blank or to a particular bank using the words
"for deposit," "for collection," or other words indicating a purpose of
having the instrument collected by a bank for the indorser or for a particular account, the
following rules apply: (1) A person, other than a bank, who purchases the instrument...
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7-3-312
Section 7-3-312 Lost, destroyed, or stolen cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check.
(a) In this section: (1) "Check" means a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified
check. (2) "Claimant" means a person who claims the right to receive the amount
of a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check that was lost, destroyed, or stolen.
(3) "Declaration of loss" means a written statement, made under penalty of perjury,
to the effect that (i) the declarer lost possession of a check, (ii) the declarer is the drawer
or payee of the check, in the case of a certified check, or the remitter or payee of the check,
in the case of a cashier's check or teller's check, (iii) the loss of possession was not the
result of a transfer by the declarer or a lawful seizure, and (iv) the declarer cannot reasonably
obtain possession of the check because the check was destroyed, its whereabouts cannot be
determined, or it is in the wrongful possession of an unknown person or a person that...
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13A-8-1
Section 13A-8-1 Definitions. The following definitions are applicable in this article unless
the context otherwise requires: (1) DECEPTION occurs when a person knowingly: a. Creates or
confirms another's impression which is false and which the defendant does not believe to be
true; or b. Fails to correct a false impression which the defendant previously has created
or confirmed; or c. Fails to correct a false impression when the defendant is under a duty
to do so; or d. Prevents another from acquiring information pertinent to the disposition of
the property involved; or e. Sells or otherwise transfers or encumbers property, failing to
disclose a lien, adverse claim, or other legal impediment to the enjoyment of the property
when the defendant is under a duty to do so, whether that impediment is or is not valid, or
is not a matter of official record; or f. Promises performance which the defendant does not
intend to perform or knows will not be performed. Failure to perform, standing...
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