7-3-305
Section 7-3-305 Defenses and claims in recoupment. (a) Except as stated in subsection (b),
the right to enforce the obligation of a party to pay an instrument is subject to the following:
(1) A defense of the obligor based on (i) infancy of the obligor to the extent it is a defense
to a simple contract, (ii) duress, lack of legal capacity, or illegality of the transaction
which, under other law, nullifies the obligation of the obligor, (iii) fraud that induced
the obligor to sign the instrument with neither knowledge nor reasonable opportunity to learn
of its character or its essential terms, or (iv) discharge of the obligor in insolvency proceedings;
(2) A defense of the obligor stated in another section of this article or a defense of the
obligor that would be available if the person entitled to enforce the instrument were enforcing
a right to payment under a simple contract; and (3) A claim in recoupment of the obligor against
the original payee of the instrument if the claim arose...
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7-3-417
Section 7-3-417 Presentment warranties. (a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the drawee
for payment or acceptance and the drawee pays or accepts the draft, (i) the person obtaining
payment or acceptance, at the time of presentment, and (ii) a previous transferor of the draft,
at the time of transfer, warrant to the drawee making payment or accepting the draft in good
faith that: (1) The warrantor is, or was, at the time the warrantor transferred the draft,
a person entitled to enforce the draft or authorized to obtain payment or acceptance of the
draft on behalf of a person entitled to enforce the draft; (2) The draft has not been altered;
and (3) The warrantor has no knowledge that the signature of the drawer of the draft is unauthorized.
(b) A drawee making payment may recover from any warrantor damages for breach of warranty
equal to the amount paid by the drawee less the amount the drawee received or is entitled
to receive from the drawer because of the payment. In addition,...
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7-9A-403
Section 7-9A-403 Agreement not to assert defenses against assignee. (a) "Value."
In this section, "value" has the meaning provided in Section 7-3-303(a). (b) Agreement
not to assert claim or defense. Except as otherwise provided in this section, an agreement
between an account debtor and an assignor not to assert against an assignee any claim or defense
that the account debtor may have against the assignor is enforceable by an assignee that takes
an assignment: (1) for value; (2) in good faith; (3) without notice of a claim of a property
or possessory right to the property assigned; and (4) without notice of a defense or claim
in recoupment of the type that may be asserted against a person entitled to enforce a negotiable
instrument under Section 7-3-305(a). (c) When subsection (b) not applicable. Subsection (b)
does not apply to defenses of a type that may be asserted against a holder in due course of
a negotiable instrument under Section 7-3-305(b). (d) Omission of required statement...
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7-3-206
Section 7-3-206 Restrictive indorsement. (a) An indorsement limiting payment to a particular
person or otherwise prohibiting further transfer or negotiation of the instrument is not effective
to prevent further transfer or negotiation of the instrument. (b) An indorsement stating a
condition to the right of the indorsee to receive payment does not affect the right of the
indorsee to enforce the instrument. A person paying the instrument or taking it for value
or collection may disregard the condition, and the rights and liabilities of that person are
not affected by whether the condition has been fulfilled. (c) If an instrument bears an indorsement
(i) described in Section 7-4-201(b), or (ii) in blank or to a particular bank using the words
"for deposit," "for collection," or other words indicating a purpose of
having the instrument collected by a bank for the indorser or for a particular account, the
following rules apply: (1) A person, other than a bank, who purchases the instrument...
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7-3-310
Section 7-3-310 Effect of instrument on obligation for which taken. (a) Unless otherwise agreed,
if a certified check, cashier's check, or teller's check is taken for an obligation, the obligation
is discharged to the same extent discharge would result if an amount of money equal to the
amount of the instrument were taken in payment of the obligation. Discharge of the obligation
does not affect any liability that the obligor may have as an indorser of the instrument.
(b) Unless otherwise agreed and except as provided in subsection (a), if a note or an uncertified
check is taken for an obligation, the obligation is suspended to the same extent the obligation
would be discharged if an amount of money equal to the amount of the instrument were taken,
and the following rules apply: (1) In the case of an uncertified check, suspension of the
obligation continues until dishonor of the check or until it is paid or certified. Payment
or certification of the check results in discharge of the...
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7-3-416
Section 7-3-416 Transfer warranties. (a) A person who transfers an instrument for consideration
warrants to the transferee and, if the transfer is by indorsement, to any subsequent transferee
that: (1) The warrantor is a person entitled to enforce the instrument; (2) All signatures
on the instrument are authentic and authorized; (3) The instrument has not been altered; (4)
The instrument is not subject to a defense or claim in recoupment of any party which can be
asserted against the warrantor; and (5) The warrantor has no knowledge of any insolvency proceeding
commenced with respect to the maker or acceptor or, in the case of an unaccepted draft, the
drawer. (b) A person to whom the warranties under subsection (a) are made and who took the
instrument in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty
an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, but not more than the amount
of the instrument plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a...
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7-5-117
Section 7-5-117 Subrogation of issuer, applicant, and nominated person. (a) An issuer that
honors a beneficiary's presentation is subrogated to the rights of the beneficiary to the
same extent as if the issuer were a secondary obligor of the underlying obligation owed to
the beneficiary and of the applicant to the same extent as if the issuer were the secondary
obligor of the underlying obligation owed to the applicant. (b) An applicant that reimburses
an issuer is subrogated to the rights of the issuer against any beneficiary, presenter, or
nominated person to the same extent as if the applicant were the secondary obligor of the
obligations owed to the issuer and has the rights of subrogation of the issuer to the rights
of the beneficiary stated in subsection (a). (c) A nominated person who pays or gives value
against a draft or demand presented under a letter of credit is subrogated to the rights of:
(1) the issuer against the applicant to the same extent as if the nominated person...
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7-3-302
Section 7-3-302 Holder in due course. (a) Subject to subsection (c) and Section 7-3-106(d),
"holder in due course" means the holder of an instrument if: (1) The instrument
when issued or negotiated to the holder does not bear such apparent evidence of forgery or
alteration or is not otherwise so irregular or incomplete as to call into question its authenticity;
and (2) The holder took the instrument (i) for value, (ii) in good faith, (iii) without notice
that the instrument is overdue or has been dishonored or that there is an uncured default
with respect to payment of another instrument issued as part of the same series, (iv) without
notice that the instrument contains an unauthorized signature or has been altered, (v) without
notice of any claim to the instrument described in Section 7-3-306, and (vi) without notice
that any party has a defense or claim in recoupment described in Section 7-3-305(a). (b) Notice
of discharge of a party, other than discharge in an insolvency proceeding,...
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7-3-303
Section 7-3-303 Value and consideration. (a) An instrument is issued or transferred for value
if: (1) The instrument is issued or transferred for a promise of performance, to the extent
the promise has been performed; (2) The transferee acquires a security interest or other lien
in the instrument other than a lien obtained by judicial proceeding; (3) The instrument is
issued or transferred as payment of, or as security for, an antecedent claim against any person,
whether or not the claim is due; (4) The instrument is issued or transferred in exchange for
a negotiable instrument; or (5) The instrument is issued or transferred in exchange for the
incurring of an irrevocable obligation to a third party by the person taking the instrument.
(b) "Consideration" means any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract.
The drawer or maker of an instrument has a defense if the instrument is issued without consideration.
If an instrument is issued for a promise of performance, the issuer...
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7-4-208
Section 7-4-208 Presentment warranties. (a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the drawee
for payment or acceptance and the drawee pays or accepts the draft, (i) the person obtaining
payment or acceptance, at the time of presentment, and (ii) a previous transferor of the draft,
at the time of transfer, warrant to the drawee that pays or accepts the draft in good faith
that: (1) The warrantor is, or was, at the time the warrantor transferred the draft, a person
entitled to enforce the draft or authorized to obtain payment or acceptance of the draft on
behalf of a person entitled to enforce the draft; (2) The draft has not been altered; and
(3) The warrantor has no knowledge that the signature of the purported drawer of the draft
is unauthorized. (b) A drawee making payment may recover from a warrantor damages for breach
of warranty equal to the amount paid by the drawee less the amount the drawee received or
is entitled to receive from the drawer because of the payment. In addition,...
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