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7-3-301
Section 7-3-301 Person entitled to enforce instrument. "Person entitled to enforce"
an instrument means (i) the holder of the instrument, (ii) a nonholder in possession of the
instrument who has the rights of a holder, or (iii) a person not in possession of the instrument
who is entitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to Section 7-3-309 or 7-3-418(d). A person
may be a person entitled to enforce the instrument even though the person is not the owner
of the instrument or is in wrongful possession of the instrument. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668,
p. 1381, §1.)...
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7-1-201
Section 7-1-201 General definitions. (a) [Reserved]. (b) Subject to additional definitions
contained in the subsequent articles of this title which are applicable to specific articles
or parts thereof, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this title: (1) "Action,"
in the sense of a judicial proceeding, includes recoupment, counterclaim, set-off, suit in
equity, and any other proceeding in which rights are determined. (2) "Aggrieved party"
means a party entitled to pursue a remedy. (3) "Agreement," as distinguished from
"contract," means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their language
or inferred from other circumstances, including course of performance, course of dealing,
or usage of trade as provided in Section 7-1-303. (4) "Bank" means a person engaged
in the business of banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit
union, and trust company. (5) "Bearer" means a person in possession of a negotiable
instrument, document of title, or...
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7-3-309
Section 7-3-309 Enforcement of lost, destroyed, or stolen instrument. (a) A person not in possession
of an instrument is entitled to enforce the instrument if: (i) the person seeking to enforce
the instrument: (A) was entitled to enforce it when loss of possession occurred, or (B) has
directly or indirectly acquired ownership of the instrument from a person who was entitled
to enforce the instrument when the loss of possession occurred; and (ii) the loss of possession
was not the result of a transfer by the person or a lawful seizure; and (iii) the person cannot
reasonably obtain possession of the instrument because the instrument was destroyed, its whereabouts
cannot be determined, or it is in the wrongful possession of an unknown person or a person
that cannot be found or is not amenable to service of process. (b) A person seeking enforcement
of an instrument under subsection (a) must prove the terms of the instrument and the person's
right to enforce the instrument. If that proof is...
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7-3-602
Section 7-3-602 Payment. (a) Subject to subsection (b), an instrument is paid to the extent
payment is made (i) by or on behalf of a party obliged to pay the instrument, and (ii) to
a person entitled to enforce the instrument. To the extent of the payment, the obligation
of the party obliged to pay the instrument is discharged even though payment is made with
knowledge of a claim to the instrument under Section 7-3-306 by another person. (b) The obligation
of a party to pay the instrument is not discharged under subsection (a) if: (1) A claim to
the instrument under Section 7-3-306 is enforceable against the party receiving payment and
(i) payment is made with knowledge by the payor that payment is prohibited by injunction or
similar process of a court of competent jurisdiction, or (ii) in the case of an instrument
other than a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check, the party making payment
accepted, from the person having a claim to the instrument, indemnity against loss...
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7-3-412
Section 7-3-412 Obligation of issuer of note or cashier's check. The issuer of a note or cashier's
check or other draft drawn on the drawer is obliged to pay the instrument (i) according to
its terms at the time it was issued or, if not issued, at the time it first came into possession
of a holder, or (ii) if the issuer signed an incomplete instrument, according to its terms
when completed, to the extent stated in Sections 7-3-115 and 7-3-407. The obligation is owed
to a person entitled to enforce the instrument or to an indorser who paid the instrument under
Section 7-3-415. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)...
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35-12-79
Section 35-12-79 Custody by state; recovery by holder; defense of holder. (a) In this article,
good faith means honesty in fact in the conduct or transaction concerned. (b) Upon payment
or delivery of property to the Treasurer, the state assumes custody and responsibility for
the safekeeping of the property. A holder who pays or delivers property to the Treasurer in
good faith is relieved of all liability arising thereafter with respect to the property. The
payment or delivery of property to the Treasurer shall operate as a full, absolute and unconditional
release and discharge of the holder from any and all claims or demands of or liability to
any person entitled thereto, or to any other claimant or state, and the payment or delivery
may be pleaded as an absolute bar to any action brought against the holder by any other person
entitled thereto, or by any other claimant or state. Once properly pleaded, the holder shall
immediately and thereafter be relieved of and held harmless from...
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7-3-414
Section 7-3-414 Obligation of drawer. (a) This section does not apply to cashier's checks or
other drafts drawn on the drawer. (b) If an unaccepted draft is dishonored, the drawer is
obliged to pay the draft (i) according to its terms at the time it was issued or, if not issued,
at the time it first came into possession of a holder, or (ii) if the drawer signed an incomplete
instrument, according to its terms when completed, to the extent stated in Sections 7-3-115
and 7-3-407. The obligation is owed to a person entitled to enforce the draft or to an indorser
who paid the draft under Section 7-3-415. (c) If a draft is accepted by a bank, the drawer
is discharged, regardless of when or by whom acceptance was obtained. (d) If a draft is accepted
and the acceptor is not a bank, the obligation of the drawer to pay the draft if the draft
is dishonored by the acceptor is the same as the obligation of an indorser under Section 7-3-415(a)
and (c). (e) If a draft states that it is drawn...
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43-8-1
Section 43-8-1 General definitions. Subject to additional definitions contained in the subsequent
articles which are applicable to specific articles or divisions, and unless the context otherwise
requires, in this chapter, the following words shall have the following meanings: (1) BENEFICIARY.
As it relates to trust beneficiaries, includes a person who has any present or future interest,
vested or contingent, and also includes the owner of an interest by assignment or other transfer
and as it relates to a charitable trust, includes any person entitled to enforce the trust.
(2) CHILD. Includes any individual entitled to take as a child under this chapter by intestate
succession from the parent whose relationship is involved and excludes any person who is only
a stepchild, a foster child, a grandchild or any more remote descendant. (3) COURT. The court
having jurisdiction in matters relating to the affairs of decedents. This court in Alabama
is known as the probate court. (4) DAYS. That...
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7-3-104
Section 7-3-104 Negotiable instrument. (a) Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d), "negotiable
instrument" means an unconditional promise or order to pay a fixed amount of money, with
or without interest or other charges described in the promise or order, if it: (1) Is payable
to bearer or to order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder;
(2) Is payable on demand or at a definite time; and (3) Does not state any other undertaking
or instruction by the person promising or ordering payment to do any act in addition to the
payment of money, but the promise or order may contain (i) an undertaking or power to give,
maintain, or protect collateral to secure payment, (ii) an authorization or power to the holder
to confess judgment or realize on or dispose of collateral, or (iii) a waiver of the benefit
of any law intended for the advantage or protection of an obligor. (b) "Instrument"
means a negotiable instrument. (c) An order that meets all of the...
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7-3-312
Section 7-3-312 Lost, destroyed, or stolen cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check.
(a) In this section: (1) "Check" means a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified
check. (2) "Claimant" means a person who claims the right to receive the amount
of a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check that was lost, destroyed, or stolen.
(3) "Declaration of loss" means a written statement, made under penalty of perjury,
to the effect that (i) the declarer lost possession of a check, (ii) the declarer is the drawer
or payee of the check, in the case of a certified check, or the remitter or payee of the check,
in the case of a cashier's check or teller's check, (iii) the loss of possession was not the
result of a transfer by the declarer or a lawful seizure, and (iv) the declarer cannot reasonably
obtain possession of the check because the check was destroyed, its whereabouts cannot be
determined, or it is in the wrongful possession of an unknown person or a person that...
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