7-3-411
Section 7-3-411 Refusal to pay cashier's checks, teller's checks, and certified checks. (a)
In this section, "obligated bank" means the acceptor of a certified check or the
issuer of a cashier's check or teller's check bought from the issuer. (b) If the obligated
bank wrongfully (i) refuses to pay a cashier's check or certified check, (ii) stops payment
of a teller's check, or (iii) refuses to pay a dishonored teller's check, the person asserting
the right to enforce the check is entitled to compensation for expenses and loss of interest
resulting from the nonpayment and may recover consequential damages if the obligated bank
refuses to pay after receiving notice of particular circumstances giving rise to the damages.
(c) Expenses or consequential damages under subsection (b) are not recoverable if the refusal
of the obligated bank to pay occurs because (i) the bank suspends payments, (ii) the obligated
bank asserts a claim or defense of the bank that it has reasonable grounds to...
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7-3-312
Section 7-3-312 Lost, destroyed, or stolen cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check.
(a) In this section: (1) "Check" means a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified
check. (2) "Claimant" means a person who claims the right to receive the amount
of a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check that was lost, destroyed, or stolen.
(3) "Declaration of loss" means a written statement, made under penalty of perjury,
to the effect that (i) the declarer lost possession of a check, (ii) the declarer is the drawer
or payee of the check, in the case of a certified check, or the remitter or payee of the check,
in the case of a cashier's check or teller's check, (iii) the loss of possession was not the
result of a transfer by the declarer or a lawful seizure, and (iv) the declarer cannot reasonably
obtain possession of the check because the check was destroyed, its whereabouts cannot be
determined, or it is in the wrongful possession of an unknown person or a person that...
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7-3-602
Section 7-3-602 Payment. (a) Subject to subsection (b), an instrument is paid to the extent
payment is made (i) by or on behalf of a party obliged to pay the instrument, and (ii) to
a person entitled to enforce the instrument. To the extent of the payment, the obligation
of the party obliged to pay the instrument is discharged even though payment is made with
knowledge of a claim to the instrument under Section 7-3-306 by another person. (b) The obligation
of a party to pay the instrument is not discharged under subsection (a) if: (1) A claim to
the instrument under Section 7-3-306 is enforceable against the party receiving payment and
(i) payment is made with knowledge by the payor that payment is prohibited by injunction or
similar process of a court of competent jurisdiction, or (ii) in the case of an instrument
other than a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check, the party making payment
accepted, from the person having a claim to the instrument, indemnity against loss...
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7-4-104
Section 7-4-104 Definitions and index of definitions. (a) In this article, unless the context
otherwise requires: (1) "Account" means any deposit or credit account with a bank,
including a demand, time, savings, passbook, share draft, or like account, other than an account
evidenced by a certificate of deposit; (2) "Afternoon" means the period of a day
between noon and midnight; (3) "Banking day" means the part of a day on which a
bank is open to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions; (4)
"Clearing house" means an association of banks or other payors regularly clearing
items; (5) "Customer" means a person having an account with a bank or for whom a
bank has agreed to collect items, including a bank that maintains an account at another bank;
(6) "Documentary draft" means a draft to be presented for acceptance or payment
if specified documents, certificated securities (Section 7-8-102) or instructions for uncertificated
securities (Section 7-8-308), or...
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7-3-103
Section 7-3-103 Definitions. (a) In this article: (1) "Acceptor" means a drawee who
has accepted a draft. (2) "Drawee" means a person ordered in a draft to make payment.
(3) "Drawer" means a person who signs or is identified in a draft as a person ordering
payment. (4) "Good faith" means honesty in fact in the conduct or transaction concerned.
(5) "Maker" means a person who signs or is identified in a note as a person undertaking
to pay. (6) "Order" means a written instruction to pay money signed by the person
giving the instruction. The instruction may be addressed to any person, including the person
giving the instruction, or to one or more persons jointly or in the alternative but not in
succession. An authorization to pay is not an order unless the person authorized to pay is
also instructed to pay. (7) "Ordinary care" in the case of a person engaged in business
means observance of reasonable commercial standards, prevailing in the area in which the person
is located, with respect...
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7-3-310
Section 7-3-310 Effect of instrument on obligation for which taken. (a) Unless otherwise agreed,
if a certified check, cashier's check, or teller's check is taken for an obligation, the obligation
is discharged to the same extent discharge would result if an amount of money equal to the
amount of the instrument were taken in payment of the obligation. Discharge of the obligation
does not affect any liability that the obligor may have as an indorser of the instrument.
(b) Unless otherwise agreed and except as provided in subsection (a), if a note or an uncertified
check is taken for an obligation, the obligation is suspended to the same extent the obligation
would be discharged if an amount of money equal to the amount of the instrument were taken,
and the following rules apply: (1) In the case of an uncertified check, suspension of the
obligation continues until dishonor of the check or until it is paid or certified. Payment
or certification of the check results in discharge of the...
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7-3-104
Section 7-3-104 Negotiable instrument. (a) Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d), "negotiable
instrument" means an unconditional promise or order to pay a fixed amount of money, with
or without interest or other charges described in the promise or order, if it: (1) Is payable
to bearer or to order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder;
(2) Is payable on demand or at a definite time; and (3) Does not state any other undertaking
or instruction by the person promising or ordering payment to do any act in addition to the
payment of money, but the promise or order may contain (i) an undertaking or power to give,
maintain, or protect collateral to secure payment, (ii) an authorization or power to the holder
to confess judgment or realize on or dispose of collateral, or (iii) a waiver of the benefit
of any law intended for the advantage or protection of an obligor. (b) "Instrument"
means a negotiable instrument. (c) An order that meets all of the...
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39-2-12
Section 39-2-12 Partial and final payments of contractors by awarding authorities. (a) As used
in this section the following words shall have the meanings ascribed to them as follows: (1)
CONTRACTOR. Any natural person, partnership, company, firm, corporation, association, limited
liability company, cooperative, or other legal entity licensed by the Alabama State Licensing
Board for General Contractors. (2) NONRESIDENT CONTRACTOR. A contractor which is neither a.
organized and existing under the laws of the State of Alabama, nor b. maintains its principal
place of business in the State of Alabama. A nonresident contractor which has maintained a
permanent branch office within the State of Alabama for at least five continuous years shall
not thereafter be deemed to be a nonresident contractor so long as the contractor continues
to maintain a branch office within Alabama. (3) RETAINAGE. That money belonging to the contractor
which has been retained by the awarding authority conditioned on...
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7-4-404
Section 7-4-404 Bank not obligated to pay check more than six months old. A bank is under no
obligation to a customer having a checking account to pay a check, other than a certified
check, which is presented more than six months after its date, but it may charge its customer's
account for a payment made thereafter in good faith. (Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed
by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §2; added by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §2.)...

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7-3-118
Section 7-3-118 Statute of limitations. (a) Note payable at a definite time. Except as provided
in subsection (e), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay a note payable at
a definite time must be commenced within six years after the due date or dates stated in the
note or, if a due date is accelerated, within six years after the accelerated due date. (b)
Note payable on demand. Except as provided in subsection (d) or (e), if demand for payment
is made to the maker of a note payable on demand, an action to enforce the obligation of a
party to pay the note must be commenced within six years after the demand. If no demand for
payment is made to the maker, an action to enforce the note is barred if neither principal
nor interest on the note has been paid for a continuous period of 10 years. (c) Unaccepted
draft. Except as provided in subsection (d), an action to enforce the obligation of a party
to an unaccepted draft to pay the draft must be commenced within three years...
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