31-2A-54
Section 31-2A-54 (Article 54.) Record of trial. (a) Each general and special court-martial shall keep a separate record of the proceedings in each case brought before it, and the record shall be authenticated by the signature of the military judge. If the record cannot be authenticated by the military judge by reason of his or her death, disability, or absence, it shall be authenticated by the signature of the trial counsel or by that of a member, if the trial counsel is unable to authenticate it by reason of his or her death, disability, or absence. In a court-martial consisting of only a military judge, the record shall be authenticated by the court reporter under the same conditions which would impose such a duty on a member under this subsection. (b)(1) A complete verbatim record of the proceedings and testimony shall be prepared in each general and special court-martial case resulting in a conviction. (2) In all other court-martial cases, the record shall contain such matters as...
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31-2A-38
Section 31-2A-38 (Article 38.) Duties of trial counsel and defense counsel. (a) The trial counsel of a general or special court-martial shall prosecute in the name of the state, and, under the direction of the court, shall prepare the record of the proceedings. (b)(1) The accused has the right to be represented in defense before a general or special court-martial or at an investigation under Section 31-2A-32 (Article 32) as provided in this subsection. (2) The accused may be represented by civilian counsel at the provision and expense of the accused. (3) The accused may be represented by either of the following: a. By military counsel detailed under Section 31-2A-27 (Article 27). b. By military counsel of the accused's own selection if that counsel is reasonably available as determined under subdivision (7). (4) If the accused is represented by civilian counsel, military counsel detailed or selected under subdivision (3) shall act as associate counsel unless excused at the request of...
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31-2A-64
Section 31-2A-64 (Article 64.) Review by the Senior Judge Advocate. (a) Each general and special court-martial case in which there has been a finding of guilty shall be reviewed by the senior judge advocate, or a designee for the convening authority. The senior judge advocate, or designee, may not review a case under this subsection if that person has acted in the same case as an accuser, investigating officer, member of the court, military judge, or counsel or has otherwise acted on behalf of the prosecution or defense. The senior judge advocate's review shall be in writing and shall contain all of the following: (1) Conclusions as to whether: a. The court had jurisdiction over the accused and the offense. b. The charge and specification stated an offense. c. The sentence was within the limits prescribed as a matter of law. (2) A response to each allegation of error made in writing by the accused. (3) If the case is sent for action under subsection (b), a recommendation as to the...
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31-2A-25
Section 31-2A-25 (Article 25.) Who may serve on courts-martial. (a) Any commissioned officer of the Alabama National Guard is eligible to serve on all courts-martial for the trial of any person subject to this code. (b) Any warrant officer of the Alabama National Guard is eligible to serve on general and special courts-martial for the trial of any person subject to this code, other than a commissioned officer. (c) Any enlisted member of the state military forces who is not a member of the same unit as the accused is eligible to serve on general and special courts-martial for the trial of any enlisted member subject to this code, but that member shall serve as a member of a court only if, before the conclusion of a session called by the military judge under Section 31-2A-39a (Article 39(a)) prior to trial or, in the absence of such a session, before the court is assembled for the trial of the accused, the accused personally has requested orally on the record or in writing that enlisted...
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31-2A-51
Section 31-2A-51 (Article 51.) Voting and rulings. (a) Voting by members of a general or special court-martial on the findings and on the sentence shall be by secret written ballot. The junior member of the court shall count the votes. The count shall be checked by the president, who shall forthwith announce the result of the ballot to the members of the court. (b) The military judge shall rule upon all questions of law and all interlocutory questions arising during the proceedings. Any such ruling made by the military judge upon any question of law or any interlocutory question other than the factual issue of mental responsibility of the accused is final and constitutes the ruling of the court. However, the military judge may change the ruling at any time during the trial. Unless the ruling is final, if any member objects thereto, the court shall be cleared and closed and the question decided by a voice vote as provided in Section 31-2A-52 (Article 52), beginning with the junior in...
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31-2A-26
Section 31-2A-26 (Article 26.) Military judge of a general or special court-martial. (a) A military judge shall be detailed to each general and special court-martial. The military judge shall preside over each open session of the court-martial to which the military judge has been detailed. (b) A military judge shall be all of the following: (1) An active or retired commissioned officer. (2) A member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a state or a member of the bar of a federal court for at least five years. (3) Either a certified military judge or a judge of a court of competent jurisdiction who is approved by the Adjutant General. (c) In the instance when a military judge is not a member of the bar of the highest court of the state, the military judge shall be deemed admitted pro hac vice, subject to filing a certificate with the state judge advocate setting forth such qualifications provided in subsection (b) and with notice and approval of the State Bar and Chief...
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31-2A-27
Section 31-2A-27 (Article 27.) Detail of trial counsel and defense counsel. (a)(1) Trial counsel and defense counsel shall be detailed for each general and special court-martial. The Alabama National Guard shall prescribe regulations providing the manner in which counsel are detailed for such court-martial and for persons who are authorized to detail counsel for such court-martial. (2) No person who has acted as investigating officer, military judge, witness, or court member in any case may act later as trial counsel, assistant trial counsel, or, unless expressly requested by the accused, as defense counsel or assistant or associate defense counsel in the same case. No person who has acted for the prosecution may act later in the same case for the defense nor may any person who has acted for the defense act later in the same case for the prosecution. (3) Except as provided in subsection (b), trial counsel or defense counsel detailed for a general or special court-martial must be a...
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31-2A-29
Section 31-2A-29 (Article 29.) Absent and additional members. (a) No member of a general or special court-martial may be absent or excused after the court has been assembled for the trial of the accused unless excused as a result of a challenge, excused by the military judge for physical disability or other good cause, or excused by order of the convening authority for good cause. (b) Whenever a general court-martial, other than a general court-martial composed of a military judge only, is reduced below five members, the trial may not proceed unless the convening authority details new members sufficient in number to provide not less than the applicable minimum number of five members. The trial may proceed with the new members present after the recorded evidence previously introduced before the members of the court has been read to the court in the presence of the military judge, the accused, and counsel for both sides. (c) Whenever a special court-martial, other than a special...
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31-2A-37
Section 31-2A-37 (Article 37.) Unlawfully influencing action of court. (a) No authority convening a general, special, or summary court-martial, nor any other commanding officer, or officer serving on the staff thereof, may censure, reprimand, or admonish the court or any member, the military judge, or counsel thereof, with respect to the findings or sentence adjudged by the court or with respect to any other exercise of its or their functions in the conduct of the proceedings. No person subject to this code may attempt to coerce or, by any unauthorized means, influence the action of a court-martial or court of inquiry or any member thereof, in reaching the findings or sentence in any case, or the action of any convening, approving, or reviewing authority with respect to its judicial acts. This subsection shall not apply to either of the following: (1) General instructional or informational courses in military justice if such courses are designed solely for the purpose of instructing...
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31-2A-42
Section 31-2A-42 (Article 42.) Oaths or affirmations. (a) Before performing their respective duties, military judges, general and special courts-martial members, trial counsel, defense counsel, reporters, and interpreters shall take an oath or affirmation in the presence of the accused to perform their duties faithfully. The form of the oath or affirmation, the time and place of the taking of the oath, the manner of recording the oath, and whether the oath or affirmation shall be taken for all cases in which these duties are to be performed or for a particular case, shall be as prescribed in regulation or as provided by law. These regulations may provide that an oath or affirmation to perform faithfully the duties as a military judge, trial counsel, or defense counsel may be taken at any time by any judge advocate or other person certified or designated to be qualified or competent for the duty, and if such an oath or affirmation is taken, it need not again be taken at the time the...
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