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31-2A-26
Section 31-2A-26 (Article 26.) Military judge of a general or special court-martial. (a) A
military judge shall be detailed to each general and special court-martial. The military judge
shall preside over each open session of the court-martial to which the military judge has
been detailed. (b) A military judge shall be all of the following: (1) An active or retired
commissioned officer. (2) A member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a state
or a member of the bar of a federal court for at least five years. (3) Either a certified
military judge or a judge of a court of competent jurisdiction who is approved by the Adjutant
General. (c) In the instance when a military judge is not a member of the bar of the highest
court of the state, the military judge shall be deemed admitted pro hac vice, subject to filing
a certificate with the state judge advocate setting forth such qualifications provided in
subsection (b) and with notice and approval of the State Bar and Chief...
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31-2A-27
Section 31-2A-27 (Article 27.) Detail of trial counsel and defense counsel. (a)(1) Trial counsel
and defense counsel shall be detailed for each general and special court-martial. The Alabama
National Guard shall prescribe regulations providing the manner in which counsel are detailed
for such court-martial and for persons who are authorized to detail counsel for such court-martial.
(2) No person who has acted as investigating officer, military judge, witness, or court member
in any case may act later as trial counsel, assistant trial counsel, or, unless expressly
requested by the accused, as defense counsel or assistant or associate defense counsel in
the same case. No person who has acted for the prosecution may act later in the same case
for the defense nor may any person who has acted for the defense act later in the same case
for the prosecution. (3) Except as provided in subsection (b), trial counsel or defense counsel
detailed for a general or special court-martial must be a...
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31-2A-25
Section 31-2A-25 (Article 25.) Who may serve on courts-martial. (a) Any commissioned officer
of the Alabama National Guard is eligible to serve on all courts-martial for the trial of
any person subject to this code. (b) Any warrant officer of the Alabama National Guard is
eligible to serve on general and special courts-martial for the trial of any person subject
to this code, other than a commissioned officer. (c) Any enlisted member of the state military
forces who is not a member of the same unit as the accused is eligible to serve on general
and special courts-martial for the trial of any enlisted member subject to this code, but
that member shall serve as a member of a court only if, before the conclusion of a session
called by the military judge under Section 31-2A-39a (Article 39(a)) prior to trial or, in
the absence of such a session, before the court is assembled for the trial of the accused,
the accused personally has requested orally on the record or in writing that enlisted...
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31-2A-1
Section 31-2A-1 (Article 1.) Definitions. For the purposes of this code, unless the context
otherwise requires, the following words have the following meanings: (1) ACCUSER. A person
who signs and swears to charges, any person who directs that charges nominally be signed and
sworn to by another, and any other person who has an interest other than an official interest
in the prosecution of the accused. (2) CADET, CANDIDATE, or MIDSHIPMAN. A person who is enrolled
in or attending a state military academy, a regional training institute, or any other formal
education program for the purpose of becoming a commissioned officer in the state military
forces. (3) CLASSIFIED INFORMATION. Information that meets all of the following requirements:
a. Any information or material that has been determined by an official of the United States
or any state pursuant to law, an Executive order, or regulation to require protection against
unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national or state security. b....
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31-2A-29
Section 31-2A-29 (Article 29.) Absent and additional members. (a) No member of a general or
special court-martial may be absent or excused after the court has been assembled for the
trial of the accused unless excused as a result of a challenge, excused by the military judge
for physical disability or other good cause, or excused by order of the convening authority
for good cause. (b) Whenever a general court-martial, other than a general court-martial composed
of a military judge only, is reduced below five members, the trial may not proceed unless
the convening authority details new members sufficient in number to provide not less than
the applicable minimum number of five members. The trial may proceed with the new members
present after the recorded evidence previously introduced before the members of the court
has been read to the court in the presence of the military judge, the accused, and counsel
for both sides. (c) Whenever a special court-martial, other than a special...
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31-2A-37
Section 31-2A-37 (Article 37.) Unlawfully influencing action of court. (a) No authority convening
a general, special, or summary court-martial, nor any other commanding officer, or officer
serving on the staff thereof, may censure, reprimand, or admonish the court or any member,
the military judge, or counsel thereof, with respect to the findings or sentence adjudged
by the court or with respect to any other exercise of its or their functions in the conduct
of the proceedings. No person subject to this code may attempt to coerce or, by any unauthorized
means, influence the action of a court-martial or court of inquiry or any member thereof,
in reaching the findings or sentence in any case, or the action of any convening, approving,
or reviewing authority with respect to its judicial acts. This subsection shall not apply
to either of the following: (1) General instructional or informational courses in military
justice if such courses are designed solely for the purpose of instructing...
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31-2A-15
Section 31-2A-15 (Article 15.) Commanding officer's non-judicial punishment. (a) Under such
regulations as prescribed, any commanding officer may impose disciplinary punishments for
minor offenses without the intervention of a court-martial pursuant to this article. The Governor,
the Adjutant General, or an officer or a general or flag rank in command may delegate the
powers under this article to a principal assistant who is a member of the Alabama National
Guard. (b) For the purposes of this article, the term "day" shall mean the following:
(1) For the purposes of pay, one day shall equal one active duty military payday. (2) For
all other purposes, one day shall equal one calendar day. (c) For the purposes of this part,
all members must be in military status when punishment is imposed. (d) Any commanding officer
may impose upon enlisted members of the officer's command any of the following: (1) An admonition.
(2) A reprimand. (3) The withholding of privileges for up to six consecutive...
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31-2A-38
Section 31-2A-38 (Article 38.) Duties of trial counsel and defense counsel. (a) The trial counsel
of a general or special court-martial shall prosecute in the name of the state, and, under
the direction of the court, shall prepare the record of the proceedings. (b)(1) The accused
has the right to be represented in defense before a general or special court-martial or at
an investigation under Section 31-2A-32 (Article 32) as provided in this subsection. (2) The
accused may be represented by civilian counsel at the provision and expense of the accused.
(3) The accused may be represented by either of the following: a. By military counsel detailed
under Section 31-2A-27 (Article 27). b. By military counsel of the accused's own selection
if that counsel is reasonably available as determined under subdivision (7). (4) If the accused
is represented by civilian counsel, military counsel detailed or selected under subdivision
(3) shall act as associate counsel unless excused at the request of...
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31-2A-64
Section 31-2A-64 (Article 64.) Review by the Senior Judge Advocate. (a) Each general and special
court-martial case in which there has been a finding of guilty shall be reviewed by the senior
judge advocate, or a designee for the convening authority. The senior judge advocate, or designee,
may not review a case under this subsection if that person has acted in the same case as an
accuser, investigating officer, member of the court, military judge, or counsel or has otherwise
acted on behalf of the prosecution or defense. The senior judge advocate's review shall be
in writing and shall contain all of the following: (1) Conclusions as to whether: a. The court
had jurisdiction over the accused and the offense. b. The charge and specification stated
an offense. c. The sentence was within the limits prescribed as a matter of law. (2) A response
to each allegation of error made in writing by the accused. (3) If the case is sent for action
under subsection (b), a recommendation as to the...
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31-2A-135
Section 31-2A-135 (Article 135.) Courts of inquiry. (a) Courts of inquiry to investigate any
matter of concern to the state military forces may be convened by any person authorized to
convene a general court-martial, whether or not the persons involved have requested such an
inquiry. (b) A court of inquiry consists of three or more commissioned officers. For each
court of inquiry, the convening authority shall also appoint counsel for the court. (c) Any
person subject to this code whose conduct is subject to inquiry shall be designated as a party.
Any person subject to this code who has a direct interest in the subject of inquiry has the
right to be designated as a party upon request to the court. Any person designated as a party
shall be given due notice and has the right to be present, to be represented by counsel, to
cross-examine witnesses, and to introduce evidence. (d) Members of a court of inquiry may
be challenged by a party, but only for cause stated to the court. (e) The...
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