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32-1-1.1
Section 32-1-1.1 Definitions. The following words and phrases when used in this title, for
the purpose of this title, shall have meanings respectively ascribed to them in this section,
except when the context otherwise requires: (1) ALLEY. A street or highway intended to provide
access to the rear or side of lots or buildings in urban districts and not intended for the
purpose of through vehicular traffic. (2) ARTERIAL STREET. Any United States or state numbered
route, controlled-access highway, or other major radial or circumferential street or highway
designated by local authorities within their respective jurisdictions as part of a major arterial
system of streets or highways. (3) AUTHORIZED EMERGENCY VEHICLE. Such fire department vehicles,
police vehicles, and ambulances as are publicly owned, and such other publicly or privately
owned vehicles as are designated by the Secretary of the Alabama State Law Enforcement Agency
or the chief of police of an incorporated city. (4) BICYCLE....
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7-3-115
Section 7-3-115 Incomplete instrument. (a) "Incomplete instrument" means a signed
writing, whether or not issued by the signer, the contents of which show at the time of signing
that it is incomplete but that the signer intended it to be completed by the addition of words
or numbers. (b) Subject to subsection (c), if an incomplete instrument is an instrument under
Section 7-3-104, it may be enforced according to its terms if it is not completed, or according
to its terms as augmented by completion. If an incomplete instrument is not an instrument
under Section 7-3-104, but, after completion, the requirements of Section 7-3-104 are met,
the instrument may be enforced according to its terms as augmented by completion. (c) If words
or numbers are added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer, there is
an alteration of the incomplete instrument under Section 7-3-407. (d) The burden of establishing
that words or numbers were added to an incomplete instrument without...
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7-3-105
Section 7-3-105 Issue of instrument. (a) "Issue" means the first delivery of an instrument
by the maker or drawer, whether to a holder or nonholder, for the purpose of giving rights
on the instrument to any person. (b) An unissued instrument, or an unissued incomplete instrument
that is completed, is binding on the maker or drawer, but nonissuance is a defense. An instrument
that is conditionally issued or is issued for a special purpose is binding on the maker or
drawer, but failure of the condition or special purpose to be fulfilled is a defense. (c)
"Issuer" applies to issued and unissued instruments and means a maker or drawer
of an instrument. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)...
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7-3-407
Section 7-3-407 Alteration. (a) "Alteration" means (i) an unauthorized change in
an instrument that purports to modify in any respect the obligation of a party, or (ii) an
unauthorized addition of words or numbers or other change to an incomplete instrument relating
to the obligation of a party. (b) Except as provided in subsection (c), an alteration fraudulently
made discharges a party whose obligation is affected by the alteration unless that party assents
or is precluded from asserting the alteration. No other alteration discharges a party, and
the instrument may be enforced according to its original terms. (c) A payor bank or drawee
paying a fraudulently altered instrument or a person taking it for value, in good faith and
without notice of the alteration, may enforce rights with respect to the instrument (i) according
to its original terms, or (ii) in the case of an incomplete instrument altered by unauthorized
completion, according to its terms as completed. (Acts 1965, No. 549,...
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7-3-302
Section 7-3-302 Holder in due course. (a) Subject to subsection (c) and Section 7-3-106(d),
"holder in due course" means the holder of an instrument if: (1) The instrument
when issued or negotiated to the holder does not bear such apparent evidence of forgery or
alteration or is not otherwise so irregular or incomplete as to call into question its authenticity;
and (2) The holder took the instrument (i) for value, (ii) in good faith, (iii) without notice
that the instrument is overdue or has been dishonored or that there is an uncured default
with respect to payment of another instrument issued as part of the same series, (iv) without
notice that the instrument contains an unauthorized signature or has been altered, (v) without
notice of any claim to the instrument described in Section 7-3-306, and (vi) without notice
that any party has a defense or claim in recoupment described in Section 7-3-305(a). (b) Notice
of discharge of a party, other than discharge in an insolvency proceeding,...
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13A-9-3
Section 13A-9-3 Forgery in the second degree. (a) A person commits the crime of forgery in
the second degree if, with intent to defraud, he or she falsely makes, completes or alters
a written instrument which is or purports to be, or which is calculated to become or to represent
if completed: (1) A deed, will, codicil, or contract which does or may evidence, create, transfer,
terminate or otherwise affect a legal right, interest, obligation or status; or (2) A public
record, or an instrument filed or required or authorized by law to be filed in a public office
or with a public employee; or (3) A written instrument officially issued or created by a public
office, public employees or government agency. (b) Forgery in the second degree is a Class
C felony. (Acts 1977, No. 607, p. 812, §4006; Acts 1979, No. 79-471, p. 862, §1; Act 2015-185,
§2.)...
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13A-9-12
Section 13A-9-12 Offering false instrument for recording; nullifaction or expungement from
record. (a) A person commits the crime of offering a false instrument for recording if, knowing
that a written instrument relating to or affecting real or personal property, or an interest
therein, or directly affecting contractual relationships contains a material false statement
or material false information, and with intent to defraud, he presents or offers it to a public
office or a public employee, with the knowledge that it will be registered, filed or recorded
or become a part of the records of that public office or public employee. (b) Offering a false
instrument for recording is a Class A misdemeanor. (c) A person commits the crime of offering
a false instrument for recording against a public servant if the person offers, for recording,
a written instrument which relates to or affects the real or personal property, or an interest
therein, or a contractual relationship of a public...
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13A-9-2
Section 13A-9-2 Forgery in the first degree. (a) A person commits the crime of forgery in the
first degree if, with intent to defraud, he falsely makes, completes or alters a written instrument
which is or purports to be, or which is calculated to become or to represent if completed:
(1) Part of an issue or series of stamps, securities or other valuable instruments issued
by a government or governmental agency; or (2) Part of an issue or series of stock, bonds
or other instruments representing interests in or claims against a business enterprise or
its property. (b) Forgery in the first degree is a Class B felony. (Acts 1977, No. 607, p.
812, §4005.)...
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13A-9-3.1
Section 13A-9-3.1 Forgery in the third degree. (a) A person commits the crime of forgery in
the third degree if, with intent to defraud, he or she falsely makes, completes, or alters
a written instrument which is or purports to be, or which is calculated to become or to represent
if completed, an assignment or a check, draft, note, or other commercial instrument which
does or may evidence, create, transfer, terminate, or otherwise affect a legal right, interest,
obligation, or status. (b) Forgery in the third degree is a Class D felony. (Act 2015-185,
§6.)...
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13A-9-4
Section 13A-9-4 Forgery in the fourth degree. (a) A person commits the crime of forgery in
the fourth degree if, with intent to defraud, he or she falsely makes, completes or alters
a written instrument. (b) Forgery in the fourth degree is a Class A misdemeanor. (Acts 1977,
No. 607, p. 812, §4007; Act 2015-185, §2.)...
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