10A-2A-1.45
Section 10A-2A-1.45 Definitions. In this article: (1) "Corporate action" means any
action taken by or on behalf of the corporation, including any action taken by the incorporator,
the board of directors, a committee of the board of directors, an officer or agent of the
corporation or the stockholders. (2) "Date of the defective corporate action" means
the date (or the approximate date, if the exact date is unknown) the defective corporate action
was purported to have been taken. (3) "Defective corporate action" means (i) any
corporate action purportedly taken that is, and at the time such corporate action was purportedly
taken would have been, within the power of the corporation, but is void or voidable due to
a failure of authorization, and (ii) an overissue. (4) "Failure of authorization"
means the failure to authorize, approve, or otherwise effect a corporate action in compliance
with the provisions of this chapter, the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, a corporate
resolution,...
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10A-2A-1.51
Section 10A-2A-1.51 Filings. (a) If the defective corporate action ratified under this Division
D of Article 1 would have required under any other section of this chapter a filing in accordance
with this chapter, then, regardless of whether a filing was previously made in respect of
such defective corporate action and in lieu of a filing otherwise required by this chapter,
the corporation shall file a certificate of validation in accordance with this section, and
that certificate of validation shall serve to amend or substitute for any other filing with
respect to such defective corporate action required by this chapter. (b) The certificate of
validation must set forth: (1) the defective corporate action that is the subject of the certificate
of validation (including, in the case of any defective corporate action involving the issuance
of putative stock, the number and type of shares of putative stock issued and the date or
dates upon which that putative stock was purported to have...
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10A-2A-13.40
Section 10A-2A-13.40 Other remedies limited. (a) The legality of a proposed or completed corporate
action described in Section 10A-2A-13.02(a) may not be contested, nor may the corporate action
be enjoined, set aside or rescinded, in a legal or equitable proceeding by a stockholder after
the stockholders have approved the corporate action. (b) Subsection (a) does not apply to
a corporate action that: (1) was not authorized and approved in accordance with the applicable
provisions of: (i) Article 9, 10, 11, or 12 of this chapter or Article 8 of Chapter 1; (ii)
the certificate of incorporation or bylaws; or (iii) the resolution of the board of directors
authorizing the corporate action; (2) was procured as a result of fraud, a material misrepresentation,
or an omission of a material fact necessary to make statements made, in light of the circumstances
in which they were made, not misleading; (3) is an interested transaction, unless it has been
recommended by the board of directors in the...
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10A-2-6.32
Section 10A-2-6.32 Cancellation of reacquired shares. REPEALED IN THE 2019 REGULAR SESSION
BY ACT 2019-94 EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2020. THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT. (a)
A corporation may at any time, by resolution of its board of directors, and without shareholder
action: (1) Cancel all or any part of the shares of the corporation reacquired by it other
than shares the reissuance of which is prohibited by the articles of incorporation, and in
the event a statement of cancellation shall be filed under this section; or (2) File a statement
of cancellation with respect to shares the reissuance of which is prohibited by the articles
of incorporation. (b) The statement of cancellation shall be executed by the corporation and
delivered to the judge of probate for filing. The statement shall set forth: (1) The name
of the corporation; (2) The number of reacquired shares canceled by resolution duly adopted
by the board of directors, itemized by classes and series, and the date of...
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10A-2A-1.47
Section 10A-2A-1.47 Ratification of defective corporate actions. (a) To ratify a defective
corporate action under this section (other than the ratification of an election of the initial
board of directors under subsection (b)), the board of directors shall take action ratifying
the action in accordance with Section 10A-2A-1.48, stating: (1) the defective corporate action
to be ratified and, if the defective corporate action involved the issuance of putative stock,
the number and type of shares of putative stock purportedly issued; (2) the date of the defective
corporate action; (3) the nature of the failure of authorization with respect to the defective
corporate action to be ratified; and (4) that the board of directors approves the ratification
of the defective corporate action. (b) In the event that a defective corporate action to be
ratified relates to the election of the initial board of directors of the corporation under
Section 10A-2A-2.04(a)(2), a majority of the persons who,...
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10A-2-13.24
Section 10A-2-13.24 Share restriction. REPEALED IN THE 2019 REGULAR SESSION BY ACT 2019-94
EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2020. THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT. (a) Within 20 days
after making a formal payment demand, each shareholder demanding payment shall submit the
certificate or certificates representing his or her shares to the corporation for (1) notation
thereon by the corporation that the demand has been made and (2) return to the shareholder
by the corporation. (b) The failure to submit his or her shares for notation shall, at the
option of the corporation, terminate the shareholders' rights under this article unless a
court of competent jurisdiction, for good and sufficient cause, shall otherwise direct. (c)
If shares represented by a certificate on which notation has been made shall be transferred,
each new certificate issued therefor shall bear similar notation, together with the name of
the original dissenting holder of the shares. (d) A transferee of the shares shall...
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10A-2-7.25
Section 10A-2-7.25 Quorum and voting requirements for voting groups. REPEALED IN THE 2019 REGULAR
SESSION BY ACT 2019-94 EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2020. THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.
(a) Shares entitled to vote as a separate voting group may take action on a matter at a meeting
only if a quorum of those shares exists with respect to that matter. Unless the articles of
incorporation or this chapter provide otherwise, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast
on the matter by the voting group constitutes a quorum of that voting group for action on
that matter, but in no event shall a quorum consist of less than one-third of the votes entitled
to be cast on the matter by the voting group. (b) Once a share is represented for any purpose
at a meeting, it is, unless established to the contrary, presumed present for quorum purposes
for the remainder of the meeting. (c) If a quorum is present when a vote is taken, action
on a matter, other than the election of directors, by a voting...
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10A-10-1.14
Section 10A-10-1.14 Amendment of declaration. (a) Except as provided in subsection (c) of Section
10A-10-1.06 or subdivision (7) of subsection (a) of Section 10A-10-1.07, a declaration of
trust may be amended only as provided in this section. (b) The board of trustees of a real
estate investment trust proposing an amendment to its declaration of trust shall: (1) Adopt
a resolution which sets forth the proposed amendment and declares that it is advisable. (2)
Direct that the proposed amendment be submitted for consideration at either an annual or special
meeting of the shareholders. (c) Notice which states that a purpose of the meeting will be
to act upon the proposed amendment shall be given by the real estate investment trust in the
manner provided in the declaration of trust or bylaws to: (1) Each shareholder entitled to
vote on the proposed amendment. (2) Each shareholder not entitled to vote on the proposed
amendment if the contract rights of the shareholder's shares, as expressly...
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10A-2-3.04
Section 10A-2-3.04 Ultra vires. REPEALED IN THE 2019 REGULAR SESSION BY ACT 2019-94 EFFECTIVE
JANUARY 1, 2020. THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT. (a) Except as provided in subsection
(b), the validity of corporate action may not be challenged on the ground that the corporation
lacks or lacked power to act. (b) A corporation's power to act may be challenged: (1) In a
proceeding by a shareholder against the corporation to enjoin the act; (2) In a proceeding
by the corporation, directly, derivatively, or through a receiver, trustee, or other legal
representative, against an incumbent or former director, officer, employee, or agent of the
corporation; or (3) In a proceeding by the Attorney General under Section 10A-2-14.30. (c)
In a shareholder's proceeding under subsection (b)(1) to enjoin an unauthorized corporate
act, the court may enjoin or set aside the act, if equitable and if all affected persons are
parties to the proceeding, and may award damages for loss, other than...
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10A-2-6.04
Section 10A-2-6.04 Fractional shares. REPEALED IN THE 2019 REGULAR SESSION BY ACT 2019-94 EFFECTIVE
JANUARY 1, 2020. THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT. (a) A corporation may: (1) Issue
fractions of a share or pay in money the value of fractions of a share; (2) Arrange for disposition
of fractional shares by the shareholders; (3) Issue scrip in registered or bearer form entitling
the holder to receive a full share upon surrendering enough scrip to equal a full share. (b)
Each certificate representing scrip must be conspicuously labeled "scrip" and must
contain the information required by Section 10A-1-3.42(c). (c) The holder of a fractional
share is entitled to exercise the rights of a shareholder, including the right to vote, to
receive dividends, and to participate in the assets of the corporation upon liquidation. The
holder of scrip is not entitled to any of these rights unless the scrip provides for them.
(d) The board of directors may authorize the issuance of scrip...
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